Self-Objectification and Depression among Students Experiencing Facebook Addiction

Authors

  • Shagufta Perveen
  • Mahnoor Kanwal
  • Gul Jabeen
  • Rabia Jehangir Khan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v2i3.107

Abstract

Self-objection and Facebook addiction have important effects on the mental health of every individual. However, very few studies have examined the correlation between depression symptoms, Facebook addiction, and self-objectification. The present study had two main objectives; first, to explore self-objectification and depression among students with Facebook addiction, and second to find out the family system, gender, and academic performance based on differences in study variables. Data was collected from 378 purposively selected Facebook-addicted students using The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS; Andreassen et al., 2012), Objectified Body Consciousness Scale (OBCS; McKinley & Hyd,e, 1996), and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS; Zung, 1965). Study results showed that depression has a significant positive connection with self-objectification and Facebook addiction. Similarly, significant gender difference exists in self-objectification, depression, and Facebook addiction. The result indicated significant academic performance base differences exist on self-objectification and Facebook addiction, whereas differences are non-significant in nature on depression. The result also revealed that significant family system base differences on self-objectification and depression, and Facebook addiction.

Author Biographies

  • Mahnoor Kanwal

    Mahnoor  Kanwal

    MPhil Psychology

    Hazara University Mansehra

  • Gul Jabeen

    Gul Jabeen 3

    MPhil Psychology

    Trainee Graduate Teacher

    F.G Girls Public School AMC

    Abbottabad

  • Rabia Jehangir Khan

    Rabia Jehangir Khan4

    MPhil Psychology

    Hazara University Mansehra

References

Abbasi, I., & Drouin, M. (2019). Neuroticism and Facebook addiction: How social media can affect mood? The American Journal of Family Therapy, 47(4), 199-215. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2019.1624223

Abrar-ul-Hassan, S., & Safdar, G. (2022). Relationship between self-esteem and problematic use of Facebook among University students. ANNALS OF SOCIAL SCIENCES AND PERSPECTIVE, 3(1), 199-217. https://doi.org/10.52700/assap.v3i1.83

Ackard, D. M., Neumark-Sztainer, D., Story, M., & Perry, C. (2006). Parent–child connectedness and behavioral and emotional health among adolescents. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 30(1), 59-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amepre.2005.09.013

Alamri, M. M. (2019). Undergraduate students’ perceptions toward social media usage and academic performance: A study from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 14(03), 61. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v14i03.9340

Alnjadat, R., Hmaidi, M. M., Samha, T. E., Kilani, M. M., & Hasswan, A. M. (2019). Gender variations in social media usage and academic performance among the students of University of Sharjah. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 14(4), 390-394. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2019.05.002

Andreassen, C. S., Torsheim, T., Brunborg, G. S., & Pallesen, S. (2012). Development of a Facebook addiction scale. Psychological Reports, 110(2), 501-517. https://doi.org/10.2466/02.09.18.pr0.110.2.501-517

Arefi, M. M., Zarei, J., & Karimi, H. R. (2014). Adaptive output feedback neural network control of uncertain non-affine systems with unknown control direction. Journal of the Franklin Institute, 351(8), 4302-4316. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfranklin.2014.05.006

Brailovskaia, J., Margraf, J., & Köllner, V. (2019). Addicted to Facebook? Relationship between Facebook addiction disorder, duration of Facebook use and narcissism in an inpatient sample. Psychiatry Research, 273, 52-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychres.2019.01.016

Chakraborty, P. (2020). Effects of using Facebook on academic performance of students: A review. 2020 IEEE 5th International Conference on Computing Communication and Automation (ICCCA). https://doi.org/10.1109/iccca49541.2020.9250881

Chauhan, S., Kumar, S., & Patel, R. (2021). Does living arrangement predict urban–rural differential in Depressive Symptoms among older adults in India? A study based on longitudinal ageing study in India survey. Journal of Population Ageing, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12062-021-09348-0

Chen, S., Tilburg, W. A., & Leman, P. J. (2021). Self‐objectification in women predicts approval motivation in online self‐presentation. British Journal of Social Psychology, 61(1), 366-388. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjso.12485

Cudo, A., Misiuro, T., Griffiths, M. D., & Torój, M. (2020). The Relationship Between Problematic Video Gaming, Problematic Facebook Use, and Self-Control Dimensions Among Female and Male Gamers. Advances in cognitive psychology, 16(3), 248–267. https://doi.org/10.5709/acp-0301-1

De Bérail, P., Guillon, M., & Bungener, C. (2019). The relations between YouTube addiction, social anxiety and parasocial relationships with YouTubers: A moderated-mediation model based on a cognitive-behavioral framework. Computers in Human Behavior, 99, 190-204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.05.007

Delgado-Rodríguez, R., Linares, R., & Moreno-Padilla, M. (2022). Social network addiction symptoms and body dissatisfaction in young women: exploring the mediating role of awareness of appearance pressure and internalization of the thin ideal. Journal of Eating Disorders, 10(1), 1-11. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40337-022-00643-5

Enez Darcin, A., Noyan, C., Nurmedov, S., Yilmaz, O., & Dilbaz, N. (2015). Smartphone addiction in relation with social anxiety and loneliness among University students in Turkey. European Psychiatry, 30, 505. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(15)30398-9

Engeln, R., Loach, R., Imundo, M. N., & Zola, A. (2020). Compared to Facebook, Instagram use causes more appearance comparison and lower body satisfaction in college women. Body Image, 34, 38-45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.04.007

Eşkisu, M., Çam, Z., Gelibolu, S., & Rasmussen, K. R. (2020). Trait mindfulness as a protective factor in connections between psychological issues and Facebook addiction among Turkish University students. Studia Psychologica, 62(3), 213-231. https://doi.org/10.31577/sp.2020.03.801

Evans, J. M., Lauricella, A. R., Cingel, D. P., Cino, D., & Wartella, E. A. (2021). Behind the reasons: The relationship between adolescent and young adult mental health risk factors and exposure to season one of Netflix’s 13 reasons why. Frontiers in Human Dynamics, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fhumd.2021.600146

Flett, G. L., & Hewitt, P. L. (2014). Perfectionism and perfectionistic self-presentation in social anxiety. Social Anxiety, 159-187. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-394427-6.00007-8

Ibrahim, A. K., Kelly, S. J., Adams, C. E., & Glazebrook, C. (2013). A systematic review of studies of depression prevalence in university students. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 47(3), 391-400. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychires.2012.11.015

Kalaivani, C., & Mary, A. B. (2019). Desolate through facebook addiction among the face book application holders. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences, 8(2), 185-193.

Karim, S., He, H., Mallah, G. A., Laghari, A. A., Madiha, H., & Larik, R. S. A. (2019). The Impact of Using Facebook on the Academic Performance of University Students. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 405–418. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24271-8_37

Khan, N. T. (2018). Impact of Facebook addiction on students academic performance. Research in Medical & Engineering Sciences, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.31031/rmes.2018.05.000607

Kirschner, P. A., & Karpinski, A. C. (2010). Facebook® and academic performance. Computers in Human Behavior, 26(6), 1237-1245. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.03.024

Lamp, S. J., Cugle, A., Silverman, A. L., Thomas, M. T., Liss, M., & Erchull, M. J. (2019). Picture perfect: The relationship between Selfie behaviors, self-objectification, and depressive symptoms. Sex Roles, 81(11-12), 704-712. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11199-019-01025-z

Lodhi, F. S., Rabbani, U., Khan, A. A., Raza, O., Holakouie-Naieni, K., Yaseri, M., Farooq, U., & Montazeri, A. (2021). Factors associated with quality of life among joint and nuclear families: A population-based study. BMC Public Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-10265-2

McKinley, N. M., & Hyde, J. S. (1996). The objectified body consciousness scale. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 20(2), 181-215. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-6402.1996.tb00467.x

Miller, D. (2020). Social networking sites. Digital Anthropology, 146-161. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003085201-10

Modica, C. (2019). Facebook, body esteem, and body surveillance in adult women: The moderating role of self-compassion and appearance-contingent self-worth. Body Image, 29, 17-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.02.002

Musarrat, R., Ahmed, S., Munir, F., Riaz, S., & Hayat, N. (2022). Digital narcissism, self-esteem and self-objectification among Snapchat Vs. Facebook Users. Journal of Positive School Psychology, 6(9), 3128-3141

Paykel, E. S. (2008). Basic concepts of depression. Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 10(3), 279–289. https://doi.org/10.31887/dcns.2008.10.3/espaykel

Scheerder, A. J., Van Deursen, A. J., & Van Dijk, J. A. (2019). Internet use in the home: Digital inequality from a domestication perspective. New Media & Society, 21(10), 2099-2118. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444819844299

Shanayyara Mahmood. (2014). Facebook Addiction: A Study of Big-Five Factors and Academic Performance amongst Students of IUB. Global Journal of Management and Business Research, 14(E5), 55–70. Retrieved from https://journalofbusiness.org/index.php/GJMBR/article/view/1553

Shokrgozar, S., Khesht-Masjedi, M., Abdollahi, E., Habibi, B., Asghari, T., Ofoghi, R., & Pazhooman, S. (2019). The relationship between gender, age, anxiety, depression, and academic achievement among teenagers. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care, 8(3), 799. https://doi.org/10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_103_18

ShShafiq S, Fatima Z, Bano Z. Frequency and Contributing Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress among Youth. Pak Armed Forces Med J 2022; 72(Suppl-2): S225-228. https://10.51253/pafmj.v72iSUPPL-2.3504

Stănculescu, E., Griffiths, M.D. Anxious Attachment and Facebook Addiction: The Mediating Role of Need to Belong, Self-esteem, and Facebook Use to Meet Romantic Partners. Int J Ment Health Addiction (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11469-021-00598-9

Taqui, A. M., Itrat, A., Qidwai, W., & Qadri, Z. (2007). Depression in the elderly: Does family system play a role? A cross-sectional study. BMC Psychiatry, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-244x-7-57

Tentama, F., & Abdillah, M. H. (2019). Student employability examined from academic achievement and self-concept. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), 8(2), 243. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v8i2.18128

Tiggemann, M., & Andrew, R. (2012). Clothing choices, weight, and trait self-objectification. Body Image, 9(3), 409-412. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2012.02.003

Tosun, L. P., & Kaşdarma, E. (2020). Passive Facebook use and depression. Journal of Media Psychology, 32(4), 165-175. https://doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000269

Turner, P. E., Johnston, E., Kebritchi, M., Evans, S., & Heflich, D. A. (2018). Influence of online computer games on the academic achievement of nontraditional undergraduate students. Cogent Education, 5(1), 1437671. https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186x.2018.1437671

Veldhuis, J., Alleva, J. M., Bij de Vaate, A. J., Keijer, M., & Konijn, E. A. (2020). Me, my selfie, and I: The relations between selfie behaviors, body image, self-objectification, and self-esteem in young women. Psychology of Popular Media, 9(1), 3-13. https://doi.org/10.1037/ppm0000206

Vetter, J. S., Spiller, T. R., Cathomas, F., Robinaugh, D., Brühl, A., Boeker, H., Seifritz, E., & Kleim, B. (2021). Sex differences in depressive symptoms and their networks in a treatment-seeking population – a cross-sectional study. Journal of Affective Disorders, 278, 357-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.074

Xie, W., & Karan, K. (2019). Predicting Facebook addiction and state anxiety without Facebook by gender, trait anxiety, Facebook intensity, and different Facebook activities. Journal of Behavioral Addictions, 8(1), 79-87. https://doi.org/10.1556/2006.8.2019.09

Yang, C. (2016). Instagram use, loneliness, and social comparison orientation: Interact and browse on social media, but don't compare. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 19(12), 703-708. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2016.0201

Yang, X., Yip, B. H., Mak, A. D., Zhang, D., Lee, E. K., & Wong, S. Y. (2021). The differential effects of social media on depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among the younger and older adult population in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic: Population-based cross-sectional survey study. JMIR Public Health and Surveillance, 7(5), e24623. https://doi.org/10.2196/24623

Zung, W. W. (1986). Zung self-rating depression scale and depression status inventory. Assessment of Depression, 221-231. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70486-4_21

Downloads

Published

2022-09-30

How to Cite

Self-Objectification and Depression among Students Experiencing Facebook Addiction. (2022). Journal of Social Sciences Review, 2(3), 214-224. https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v2i3.107