Innovative Work Behavior: An association of Leadership Styles, Job Autonomy, and Employee Proactive Behavior
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i1.128Keywords:
Prestige Leadership Style, Dominance Leadership Style, Job Autonomy, mployee Proactive Behavior, Innovative Work BehaviorAbstract
The goal of this study is to examine the function of job autonomy, proactive employee behaviour, and prestige & dominance leadership styles as an interpreter of innovative work behaviour. The sample of this research was taken from 269 employees of public power generation plants and independent power producers of Pakistan using a purposive sampling technique. Using Smart-PLS 3.0 as a statistical tool, data was processed, and hypotheses were verified using structural equation modelling (SEM). The results of this study show that all hypotheses are supported, and that employee proactive behavior, job autonomy, and leadership styles that emphasise prestige and dominance all have a positive and significant impact on innovative work behaviour. Findings provided practical understandings for employees in electricity power generation companies of Pakistan to consider prestige leadership style, dominance leadership style, job autonomy, and proactive employee behavior for increasing employee innovative work behavior. This could contribute to improve the innovation index of the country.
References
Abbasi, E., Amin, I., & Siddiqui, S. (2021). Towards developing innovation management framework (IMF) for ICT organizations at Pakistan. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-267505/v1
Abdullah, N. H., Xuan, L. Y., Abdul Hamid, N. A., Takala, J., & Wahab, E. (2021). The relationship between emotional intelligence and innovative work behavior. Journal of Techno-Social, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.30880/jts.2021.13.01.004
Abun, Damianus, et al. (2021), 'Empowering Leadership of the Heads as Perceived by the Employees and Employees' Job satisfaction', Technium Soc. Sci. J., 17, 398. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3807629
Ahmad, S., Niqab, M., Ali, N., Faizi, W.U.N. (2021). The Effect of ICT on Administrative Effectiveness: Throwing A Glance on Upper And Lower Dir Educational Institutes In Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Webology, 18(1), 732-753.
Ali, N. (2017). Teachers’ perceptions of the relationship between principals’ instructional leadership, school culture, and school effectiveness in Pakistan. TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM. https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2017.7088
Ali, N. (2017). Teachers’ perceptions of the relationship between principals’ instructional leadership, school culture, and school effectiveness in Pakistan. TED EĞİTİM VE BİLİM. https://doi.org/10.15390/eb.2017.7088
Ali, N. (2017). Dimensions of school effectiveness in the secondary schools of Pakistan. The Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 5(3), 41-63. https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol5no3.4
Ali, N., Sharma, S., & Kannan, S. (2017). Dimensions of school effectiveness: a study at Khyber Pukhtunkhwa level in Pakistan. PEMIMPIN,12(12), 88-109.
Ali, N., Sharma, S., & Zaman, A. (2016). School culture and school effectiveness: Secondary schools in Pakistan. Malaysian Online Journal of Educational Management, 4(4), 50-65. https://doi.org/10.22452/mojem.vol4no4.4
Alshoukri, K. (2019). The impact of leadership on employee innovative work behaviour in FM service providers in Oman. SSRN Electronic Journal. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3381416
Anderson, C., Hildreth, J. A., & Howland, L. (2015). Is the desire for status a fundamental human motive? A review of the empirical literature. Psychological Bulletin, 141(3), 574-601. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0038781
Apag, M., & Sison, R. (2017). Exploring critical issues of technical support in contact centers of the Philippines. Proceedings of the 2017 ACM SIGMIS Conference on Computers and People Research. https://doi.org/10.1145/3084381.3084383
Battistelli, A., Odoardi, C., Vandenberghe, C., Di Napoli, G., & Piccione, L. (2019). Information sharing and innovative work behavior: The role of work‐based learning, challenging tasks, and organizational commitment. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 30(3), 361-381. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21344
Bos-Nehles, A., Bondarouk, T., & Nijenhuis, K. (2016). Innovative work behaviour in knowledge-intensive public sector organizations: The case of supervisors in The Netherlands fire services. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 28(2), 379-398. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2016.1244894
Brandmo, C., Tiplic, D., & Elstad, E. (2019). Antecedents of department heads’ job autonomy, role clarity, and self-efficacy for instructional leadership. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 24(3), 411-430. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2019.1580773
Carnevale, J. B., Huang, L., Crede, M., Harms, P., & Uhl-Bien, M. (2017). Leading to stimulate employees' ideas: A quantitative review of leader-member exchange, employee voice, creativity, and innovative behavior. Applied Psychology, 66(4), 517-552. https://doi.org/10.1111/apps.12102
Case, C. R., Bae, K. K., & Maner, J. K. (2018). To lead or to be liked: When prestige-oriented leaders prioritize popularity over performance. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 115(4), 657-676. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000138
Choi, Y., Yoon, D., & Kim, D. (2020). Leader behavioral integrity and employee in-role performance: The roles of coworker support and job autonomy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 4303. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17124303
Chukwuyem, Ologbo Andrew (2016), 'Antecedents of Knowledge Sharing and Employee Innovativeness', (Universiti Teknologi Malaysia). http://eprints.utm.my/id/eprint/78910/
Chung, Elise (2017), 'The relationship between Job Autonomy, Job Satisfaction and the mediating role of Job Crafting', Tilburg University: School of Social and Behavioural Sciences.
Cunha, Samuel Pires da (2018), 'Leaders of tomorrow: the rise of a generation in the Portuguese industry'.
Dutta, Soumitra, Lanvin, B, and Wunsch-Vincent, S (2020), 'Global innovation index 2020', Who will finance innovation.
Eby, L. T. (2022). Reflections on the Journal of applied psychology in times of change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0001000
Garfield, Z. H., Hubbard, R. L., & Hagen, E. H. (2019). Evolutionary models of leadership. Human Nature, 30(1), 23-58. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12110-019-09338-4
Garg, S., & Dhar, R. (2017). Employee service innovative behavior. International Journal of Manpower, 38(2), 242-258. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-04-2015-0060
Garson, G.D. (2016) Partial Least Squares: Regression and Structural Equation Models. Statistical Associates Publishers, Asheboro.
Graham, K. A., Mawritz, M. B., Dust, S. B., Greenbaum, R. L., & Ziegert, J. C. (2019). Too many cooks in the kitchen: The effects of dominance incompatibility on relationship conflict and subsequent abusive supervision. The Leadership Quarterly, 30(3), 351-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.12.003
Hair, Joseph F, et al. (2010), 'Multivariate data analysis: A global perspective (Vol. 7)', (Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson).
Hamoudah, M. M., Othman, Z., Abdul Rahman, R., Mohd Noor, N. A., & Alamoudi, M. (2021). Ethical leadership, ethical climate and integrity violation: A comparative study in Saudi Arabia and Malaysia. Administrative Sciences, 11(2), 43. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci11020043
Han, Yu (2020), 'Ambivalence in the Leader-Follower Relationship: Dispositional Antecedents and Effects on Work-Related Well-Being', (Carleton University).
Irwan, A., Mahfudnurnajamuddin, M., Nujum, S., & Mangkona, S. (2020). The effect of leadership style, work motivation and organizational culture on employee performance mediated by job satisfaction. International Journal of Multicultural and Multireligious Understanding, 7(8), 642. https://doi.org/10.18415/ijmmu.v7i8.2007
Janssen, O. (2000). Job demands, perceptions of effort-reward fairness and innovative work behaviour. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 73(3), 287-302. https://doi.org/10.1348/096317900167038
Jensen, Sarah (2021), 'The Moderating Effect of Proactivity in Role Accumulation and Work-Family Enrichment'. http://hdl.handle.net/11141/3336
Kahn, Kenneth B (2018), 'Understanding innovation', Business Horizons, 61 (3), 453-60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2018.01.011
Ketprapakorn, N. (2019). Toward an Asian corporate sustainability model: An integrative review. Journal of Cleaner Production, 239, 117995. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117995
Khoshnaw, S., & Alavi, H. (2020). Examining the interrelation between job autonomy and job performance: A critical literature review. Multidisciplinary Aspects of Production Engineering, 3(1), 606-616. https://doi.org/10.2478/mape-2020-0051
Lee, Jae Young (2018), 'Korean Knowledge Workers’ Job Autonomy and Workplace Outcomes: The Role of Job Crafting and Leader-Member Exchange Quality'.
Lee, WangRo, Choi, Suk Bong, and Kang, Seung-Wan (2021), 'How Leaders’ Positive Feedback Influences Employees’ Innovative Behavior: The Mediating Role of Voice Behavior and Job Autonomy', Sustainability, 13 (4), 1901.
Li, Junting (2019), 'Link between work motivation and proactive service behaviors: examining the moderating role of service-oriented leadership', (Rutgers University-School of Graduate Studies). https://doi.org/doi:10.7282/t3-6spt-pc41
Liu, Xiaoqin, et al. (2020), 'The impact of ethical leadership on employee creative deviance: the mediating role of job autonomy', Leadership & Organization Development Journal.
Liu, X., Baranchenko, Y., An, F., Lin, Z. and Ma, J. (2021), The impact of ethical leadership on employee creative deviance: the mediating role of job autonomy. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 42(2), 219-232. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-01-2020-0026
Liu, Yan, et al. (2018), 'Linking authentic leadership to subordinate behaviors', Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 39 (2), 218-33. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-12-2016-0327
Lok, Chan Wai (2018), 'Entrepreneurial Leadership and Employee Creativity: The Roles of Perceived Organizational Support and Job Autonomy', (The University of Newcastle, Australia).
Lu, J. G., Brockner, J., Vardi, Y., & Weitz, E. (2017). The dark side of experiencing job autonomy: Unethical behavior. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 73, 222-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2017.05.007
Mandang, Rachelle CE (2020), 'Analyzing the influence of Leader-Member Exchange and Ethical Leadership toward employee’s i=Innovative Work Behavior at pt. Bank Sulutgo main branch office Manado', Jurnal EMBA: Jurnal Riset Ekonomi, Manajemen, Bisnis dan Akuntansi, 8(4). 485-494. https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v8i4.30893
Maner, J., & Case, C. (2016). Dominance and prestige. Advances in Experimental Social Psychology, 129-180. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2016.02.001
Maner, J. K. (2017). Dominance and prestige: A tale of two hierarchies. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 26(6), 526-531. https://doi.org/10.1177/0963721417714323
Maner, Jon K and Case, Charleen R (2016), 'Dominance and prestige: Dual strategies for navigating social hierarchies', Advances in experimental social psychology (54: Elsevier), 129-80. https://doi.org/10.1016/bs.aesp.2016.02.001
McClanahan, Kaylene Joy (2020), 'Two Ways to the Top? When and Why Dominance and Prestige Lead to Social Rank', (Northwestern University).
Miao, Q., Newman, A., Schwarz, G., & Cooper, B. (2017). How leadership and public service motivation enhance innovative behavior. Public Administration Review, 78(1), 71-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/puar.12839
Morgeson, F. P., & Humphrey, S. E. (2006). The work design questionnaire (WDQ): Developing and validating a comprehensive measure for assessing job design and the nature of work. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(6), 1321-1339. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.91.6.1321
Niqab, M., Sharma, S., Ali, N., & Mubarik, M. S. (2015). Perception based principal leadership measurement: Does it work in Pakistan? International Education Studies, 8(4). https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v8n4p29
Ogunde, Chinenye (2020), 'Mobile Information Technology (MIT), work autonomy and organisational control: a study of remote service engineers', (Loughborough University).
Ong, C. W., Roberts, R., Woodman, T., & Arthur, C. A. (2022). The leader ship was destined to sink: An examination of dominance and prestige on the rise and fall of the narcissistic leader. Group Dynamics: Theory, Research, and Practice, 26(4), 356-364. https://doi.org/10.1037/gdn0000177
Ouyang, K., Cheng, B. H., Lam, W., & Parker, S. K. (2019). Enjoy your evening, be proactive tomorrow: How off-job experiences shape daily proactivity. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(8), 1003-1019. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000391
Pagdonsolan, Mark Moses H, et al. (2020), 'Impact of continuous performance management on job autonomy, motivation, and turnover intent of employees in multinational companies within metro manila', Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, 9 (2), 63-89.
Palmer, Angela M (2016), Leadership style and job satisfaction as predictors of employee innovation in the automotive manufacturing industry (Northcentral University).
Penttilä, S. (2021). Leadership: Are Leaders Born or Made? Theseus. https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-2021120623958
Rahman, M. H., Dey, T., & Al-Amin, M. (2019). Relationship between organizational strategy and leadership style in performance efficiency. Asian Business Review, 9(1), 17-22. https://doi.org/10.18034/abr.v9i1.221
Ramayah, T, et al. (2018), 'Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using smartPLS 3.0', (Kuala Lumpur: Pearson).
Redhead, D., Dhaliwal, N., & Cheng, J. T. (2021). Taking charge and stepping in: Individuals who punish are rewarded with prestige and dominance. Social and Personality Psychology Compass, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/spc3.12581
Redhead, D., Cheng, J. T., Driver, C., Foulsham, T., & O'Gorman, R. (2019). On the dynamics of social hierarchy: A longitudinal investigation of the rise and fall of prestige, dominance, and social rank in naturalistic task groups. Evolution and Human Behavior, 40(2), 222-234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2018.12.001
Rizki, M., Ryani, & Saragih, L. (2019). The effect of transformational leadership and organizational culture towards employees’ innovative behaviour and performance. International Journal of Economics and Business Administration, VII(Issue 1), 227-239. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijeba/208
Roberts, A., Palermo, R., & Visser, T. A. (2019). Effects of dominance and prestige based social status on competition for attentional resources. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39223-0
Roberts, A., Palermo, R., & Visser, T. A. (2019). Effects of dominance and prestige based social status on competition for attentional resources. Scientific Reports, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-39223-0
Ronay, R., Maddux, W. W., & von Hippel, W. (2020). Inequality rules: Resource distribution and the evolution of dominance- and prestige-based leadership. The Leadership Quarterly, 31(2), 101246. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.04.004
Saleem, M., & Mahmood, F. (2019). Transformational leadership and employees’ creativity: A multi-mediation model. Journal of Management and Research, 5(1), 1-21. https://doi.org/10.29145/jmr/51/0501005
Sarstedt, M., & Cheah, J. (2019). Partial least squares structural equation modeling using SmartPLS: A software review. Journal of Marketing Analytics, 7(3), 196-202. https://doi.org/10.1057/s41270-019-00058-3
Setiawan, Roy, et al. (2020), 'Impact of Empowering Leadership on Organizational Performance', (Petra Christian University).
Shin, I., & Jeung, C. (2019). Uncovering the turnover intention of proactive employees: The mediating role of work engagement and the moderated mediating role of job autonomy. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(5), 843. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050843
Shin, Y., & Kim, M. (2014). Antecedents and mediating mechanisms of proactive behavior: Application of the theory of planned behavior. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 32(1), 289-310. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-014-9393-9
Standing, C., Jackson, D., Larsen, A. C., Suseno, Y., Fulford, R., & Gengatharen, D. (2016). Enhancing individual innovation in organisations: A review of the literature. International Journal of Innovation and Learning, 19(1), 44. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijil.2016.073288
Stoffers, J. M., Van der Heijden, B. I., & Jacobs, E. A. (2018). Employability and innovative work behaviour in small and medium-sized enterprises. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(11), 1439-1466. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1407953
Suessenbach, Felix (2018), 'Study of distinct behavioural and cognitive correlates in favour of differentiating dominance, prestige, and leadership components in the explicit power motive'. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29604
Suessenbach, Felix, et al. (2015), 'Three kinds of power goals: Prestige, dominance & leadership'.
Wabala, Samuel Wakuloba (2019), 'Influence of Proactive Work Behavior on Employee Performance in Kenya’s Savings and Credit Cooperatives', (JKUAT-COHRED). http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/5203
Wafula, M., Musakali, J., & Muliaro, J. (2019). The extent of adoption of E-publishing by University presses in Kenya. ELPUB 2019 23d International Conference on Electronic Publishing. https://doi.org/10.4000/proceedings.elpub.2019.18
Wang, A., Tsai, C., Dionne, S. D., Yammarino, F. J., Spain, S. M., Ling, H., Huang, M., Chou, L., & Cheng, B. (2018). Benevolence-dominant, authoritarianism-dominant, and classical paternalistic leadership: Testing their relationships with subordinate performance. The Leadership Quarterly, 29(6), 686-697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2018.06.002
Witkower, Z., Tracy, J. L., Cheng, J. T., & Henrich, J. (2020). Two signals of social rank: Prestige and dominance are associated with distinct nonverbal displays. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 118(1), 89-120. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspi0000181
Witkower, Z., Engstrom, H., Mercadante, E., & Witkower, Z. (2020). Dominance and prestige : When are they used, how are they communicated, and when are they preferred? Academy of Management Proceedings, 2020(1), 16495. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2020.16495symposium
Woods, S. A., Mustafa, M. J., Anderson, N., & Sayer, B. (2018). Innovative work behavior and personality traits. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 33(1), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.1108/jmp-01-2017-0016
Yang, Tae Seok, et al. (2017), 'A path from job autonomy to organizational citizenship behavior: The role of perceived organizational politics as mediator', Journal of Business and Behavioral Sciences, 29 (2), 44-56.
Zhang, G., Zheng, W., & Li, M. (2021). What are they talking about: Exploring the effects of linguistic ostracism on proactive behavior. Academy of Management Proceedings, 2021(1), 13162. https://doi.org/10.5465/ambpp.2021.13162abstract
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
SSR's Editorial Board shares the vision of providing free access to information, education, and science for everyone, thus promoting its content through an OPEN ACCESS POLICY, fulfilling the DOAJ definition of open access. The JSSR adheres to an Open Access and Copyright Licensing Policy based on the belief that making research freely accessible to the public promotes greater global knowledge sharing.
The JSSR uses the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. The authors who apply and publish in JSSR consent to abide by the copyright policy set out in the Creative Commons 4.0 license (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license).
- Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s).
- Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
While "By 'open access' to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself."
