Tailoring Theoretical Lens and Nudging Bourdieu’s Cultural Capital on Gender and Academic Performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v4i4.430Keywords:
Gender, Academic Performance, Cultural Capital, Higher Education, SociologyAbstract
This paper has been designed to analyze theoretical insights into gender-based academic performance in higher education through the lens of Bourdieu's cultural capital theory. A systematic approach to review the published and available documents in online databases. The researcher reaches the point of saturation by browsing 68 published documents. These documents have been selected using the inclusion criteria on gender differentials in academic performance in higher education. The study findings outline that biological differences are less likely to affect the performance of female and male students rather than shaped by cultural differences. Females’ deprivation of education was due to the traditional and cultural practices in male hegemonic society. The study concludes that the difference in educational performance among female and male students in higher education is not linked with biological characteristics. It has roots in the difference of psycho-social, socio-economic, and cultural factors of socialization among female and male students.
References
Acker, S. (1987). Feminist theory and the study of gender and education. International review of education, 33(4), 419-435. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00615157
Ahmad, J., Ahmad, A., Shoaib, M., & Shaukat, B. (2021). Public Library Online Information Resources to Library Patrons during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of Higher Education Institutions. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-14. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6147
Ahmad, J., Shoaib, M., & Shaukat, B. (2021). Academic Library Resources and Services at Higher Education Institutions during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case of Students’ Satisfaction. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-17.
Ali, R., Zaman, M. A., & Shoaib, M. (2024). Trends of Research Visualization of Gender Inequality, Equality, and Equity: A Bibliometric Analysis from 1981 to 2020. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(8), 237–252. https://pjlaw.com.pk/index.php/Journal/article/view/v3i8-237-252
Aluja-Fabregat, A., Colom, R., Abad, F., & Juan-Espinosa, M. (2000). Sex differences in general intelligence defined as g among young adolescents. Personality and individual differences, 28(4), 813-820. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(99)00142-7
Andersen, P. L., & Hansen, M. N. (2012). Class and cultural capital—The case of class inequality in educational performance. European sociological review, 28(5), 607-621. https://doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcr029
Andreano, J. M., & Cahill, L. (2009). Sex influences on the neurobiology of learning and memory. Learning & memory, 16(4), 248-266. http://www.learnmem.org/cgi/doi/10.1101/lm.918309
Anwar, B., Shoaib, M., & Javed, S. (2013). Women’s autonomy and their role in decision making at household level: a case of rural Sialkot, Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 23(1), 129-136. https://10.5829/idosi.wasj.2013.23.01.13040
Anwar, B., Shoaib, M., & Mustafa, R.-e.-. (2022). Factors Influencing Students’ Willingness to Use Academic Library after COVID-19 Lockdown. International Information & Library Review, 35(2), 136-142. https://doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2022.2089528
Anwar, B., Shoaib, M., & Shahid, U. (2024). Academic Performance of the Students in Higher Education in Pakistan: The Role of Information and Communication Technology. Pakistan Social Sciences Review, 8(2), 472-482. https://doi.org/10.35484/pssr.2024(8-II-S)41
Anwar, B., Shoaib, M., Zaman, M. A., & Arshad, H. K. (2024). English Language Learning Practices in Classroom Environment: A Systematic Review. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(7), 267–284. https://pjlaw.com.pk/index.php/Journal/article/view/v3i7-267-284
Arshad, H. K., Anwar, B., & Shoaib, M. (2024a). Nexus of Classroom Environment and English Language Learning Skills in Higher Education in Pakistan. Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences, 5(3), 58-67. https://dx.doi.org/10.55737/qjss.336091511
Arshad, H. K., Anwar, B., & Shoaib, M. (2024b). Teaching Spaces in Pakistan: A Case of English Language Learning Skills at Tertiary Level. Qlantic Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities, 5(3), 71-80. https://doi.org/10.55737/qjssh.579341510
Aschaffenburg, K., & Maas, I. (1997). Cultural and Educational Careers: The Dynamics of Social Reproduction. American Sociological Review, 62(4), 573–587. https://doi.org/10.2307/2657427
Bandura, A., & Walters, R. H. (1977). Social learning theory (Vol. 1). New York: General Learning Press.
Bindu, P., & Thomas, I. (2006). Gender differences in emotional intelligence. Psychological studies-university of calicut, 51(4), 261-268.
Block, J. H. (1973). Conceptions of sex role: Some cross-cultural and longitudinal perspectives. American Psychologist, 28(6), 512-526. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/h0035094
Bourdieu, P. (1983). The field of cultural production, or: The economic world reversed. Poetics, 12(4-5), 311-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-422X(83)90012-8
Bourdieu, P. (1990). The logic of practice. California: Stanford University Press.
Bourdieu, P., & Passeron, J.-C. (1977). Reproduction in society, culture, and education. London: Sage Publications Ltd.
Burchard, J., & Tyler, J. V. (1964). The modification of delinquent behaviour through operant conditioning. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 2(2-4), 245-250. https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-7967(64)90028-2
Cheraghi, M., & Schøtt, T. (2015). Education and training benefiting a career as entrepreneur. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 7(3), 321–343. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijge-03-2013-0027
Clarke, E. H. (2010). Sex in Education: General Book.
Clausen, J. A. (1966). Family structure, socialization, and personality. In Review of child development research (Vol. 2, pp. 1-53). USA: Russell Sage Foundation.
Cole, M. (2017). Education, equality and human rights: issues of gender,'race', sexuality, disability and social class. New York: Routledge.
Drucker, S. A. (2018, April 27). Betty Friedan: The Three Waves of Feminism. Ohio Humanities.
Duffy, J., Warren, K., & Walsh, M. (2001). Classroom interactions: Gender of teacher, gender of student, and classroom subject. Sex roles, 45(9-10), 579-593. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/A:1014892408105
Dumais, S. A. (2002). Cultural capital, gender, and school success: The role of habitus. Sociology of education, 75(1), 44-68. https://doi.org/10.2307/3090253
Erikson, E. H. (1994). Identity and the life cycle. USA: W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
Fausto-Sterling, A. (2008). Myths of gender: Biological theories about women and men. New York: Basic Books.
Francis, B. (2006). The nature of gender. In C. Skelton, B. Francis, & L. Smulyan (Eds.), The Sage handbook of gender and education (pp. 7-17). California: Sage Publication Ltd.
Freud, S. (1977). Introductory lectures on psychoanalysis. New York: Liveright Publishing.
Frijters, J. C., Brown, E., & Greenberg, D. (Eds.). (2019). Gender Differences in the Reading Motivation of Adults with Low Literacy Skills. USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Frosh, S., Phoenix, A., & Pattman, R. (2003). Taking a stand: Using psychoanalysis to explore the positioning of subjects in discourse. British Journal Of Social Psychology, 42(1), 39-53. https://doi.org/10.1348/014466603763276117
Gerhard, J. (2001). Desiring revolution: second-wave feminism and the rewriting of twentieth-century American sexual thought. United States: Columbia University Press.
Gilmore, D. D. (1990). Manhood in the making: Cultural concepts of masculinity. United States: Yale University Press.
Grusec, J. E. (2011a). Socialization processes in the family: Social and emotional development. Annual review of psychology, 62(1), 243-269. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.121208.131650
Gurian, M. (2010). Boys and girls learn differently! A guide for teachers and parents (2nd ed.). USA: John Wiley & Sons.
Halberstam, J. (2019). Female masculinity (20th ed.). USA: Duke University Press.
Halpern, D. F. (1997). Sex differences in intelligence: Implications for education. American Psychologist, 52(10), 1091-1102. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1997-30052-008
Harris, A. (1991). Gender as contradiction. Psychoanalytic Dialogues, 1(2), 197-224. https://doi.org/10.1080/10481889109538893
Hedges, L. V., & Nowell, A. (1995). Sex differences in mental test scores, variability, and numbers of high-scoring individuals. Science, 269(5220), 41-45. https://www.science.org/doi/abs/10.1126/science.7604277
Hess, R. D., & Shipman, V. C. (1965). Early Experience and the Socialization of Cognitive Modes in Children. Child development, 36(4), 869-886. https://doi.org/10.2307/1126930
Howard, J. A., & Hollander, J. A. (1997). Gendered situations, gendered selves: A gender lens on social psychology (Vol. 2). California: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers Inc.
Huang, H., & Liang, G. (2016). Parental cultural capital and student school performance in mathematics and science across nations. The Journal of Educational Research, 109(3), 286-295. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220671.2014.946122
Huang, J. (2013). Intergenerational transmission of educational attainment: The role of household assets. Economics of Education Review, 33, 112-123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econedurev.2012.09.013
Jadva, V., Hines, M., & Golombok, S. (2010). Infants’ preferences for toys, colors, and shapes: Sex differences and similarities. Archives of sexual behavior, 39(6), 1261-1273. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10508-010-9618-z
Jenkins, R. (2014). Pierre bourdieu (First ed.). New York: Routledge.
Kingston, P. W. (2001). The Unfulfilled Promise of Cultural Capital Theory. Sociology of Education, 74, 88–99. https://doi.org/10.2307/2673255
Lareau, A., & Weininger, E. B. (2003). Cultural capital in educational research: A critical assessment. Theory and society, 32(5-6), 567-606. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1023/B:RYSO.0000004951.04408.b0
Lerner, G. (2005). The majority finds its past: Placing women in history. USA: The University of North Carolina Press.
Lips, H. M. (2016). A new psychology of women: Gender, culture, and ethnicity (Fifth Ed.). Long Grove, IL: Waveland Press, Inc.
Lytton, H., & Romney, D. M. (1991). Parents' differential socialization of boys and girls: A meta-analysis. Psychological bulletin, 109(2), 267-296. https://psycnet.apa.org/buy/1991-15054-001
Maccoby, E. E. (1999). The two sexes: Growing up apart, coming together (Vol. 4). London, England: Harvard University Press.
Marecek, J., Crawford, M., & Popp, D. (2004). On the construction of gender, sex, and sexualities. The psychology of gender, 2, 192-216. https://works.swarthmore.edu/fac-psychology/615
Mariam, S., Anwar, B., & Shoaib, M. (2022). English for Specific Purposes: An Evaluation of 8Th Class Textbook of English. Jahan-e-Tahqeeq, 5(2), 112-119. https://www.jahan-e-tahqeeq.com/index.php/jahan-e-tahqeeq/article/view/631
Marks, G. N., & McMillan, J. (2003). Declining inequality? The changing impact of socio‐economic background and ability on education in Australia. The British journal of sociology, 54(4), 453-471. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-4446.2003.00453.x
Martin, C. L., & Ruble, D. (2004). Children's search for gender cues: Cognitive perspectives on gender development. Current directions in psychological science, 13(2), 67-70. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.0963-7214.2004.00276.x
Murphy, N. A., & Hall, J. A. (2011). Intelligence and interpersonal sensitivity: A meta-analysis. Intelligence, 39(1), 54-63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.10.001
Okpara, J. O., Squillace, M., & Erondu, E. A. (2005). Gender differences and job satisfaction: a study of university teachers in the United States. Women in Management Review, 20(3), 177-190. https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/09649420510591852/full/html
Ortner, S. B. (1972). Is female to male as nature is to culture? Feminist studies, 1(2), 5-31. https://doi.org/10.2307/3177638
Piaget, J. (1972). The Psychology of the Child. New York: Basic Books.
Pomerleau, A., Bolduc, D., Malcuit, G., & Cossette, L. (1990). Pink or blue: Environmental gender stereotypes in the first two years of life. Sex roles, 22(5-6), 359-367. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/bf00288339
Powell, J. J., Merz-Atalik, K., Ališauskienė, S., Brendel, M., Echeita, G., Guðjónsdóttir, H., . . . Óskarsdóttir, E. (2019). Teaching Diverse Learners in Europe: Inspiring Practices and Lessons Learned from Germany, Iceland, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Spain and Sweden. London: SAGE.
Rampton, M. (2015, October 25). Four Waves of Feminism. Pacific magazine.
Rehman, K., Rehman, Z., Saif, N., Khan, A. S., Nawaz, A., & Rehman, S. (2013). Impacts of job satisfaction on organizational commitment: a theoretical model for academicians in HEI of developing countries like Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Accounting, Finance Management Sciences, 3(1), 80-89. http://creativecommons.org/licences/by/4.0/legalcode
Rose, G. (1993). Feminism & geography: The limits of geographical knowledge. United States: University of Minnesota Press.
Schwartz, D. (1997). Culture and Power: The Sociology ofPieire Bourdieu. Chicago: Univ. In: Chicago Press.
Shoaib, M. (2021). Sociological Analysis of Teachers Perspectives on Students Academic Performance in Higher Education in the Punjab. [PhD Thesis]. International Islamic University Islamabad, Central Library.
Shoaib, M. (2023a, September 22). Galvanising Bourdieu’s typology with Pakistani education and social class. The Nation, 4.
Shoaib, M. (2023b, December 05). Gender Differences in Academic Performance. The Nation.
Shoaib, M. (2024a, January 09). Gender Disparity in Education. The Nation.
Shoaib, M. (2024b). Gender Diversity and Inclusion in Higher Education in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(1), 207-222. https://pjlaw.com.pk/index.php/Journal/article/view/v3i1-207-222
Shoaib, M. (2024c). Gendering Bourdieu’s Cultural Capital in Higher Education in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(2), 265-278. https://pjlaw.com.pk/index.php/Journal/article/view/v3i2-265-278
Shoaib, M., Abdullah, F., & Ali, N. (2020). Library Resources and Research Environment in Higher Education Institutions: Students’ Satisfaction. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-18. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/4768/?utm_sou
Shoaib, M., Abdullah, F., & Ali, N. (2021). A Research Visualization of Academic Learning Skills among Students in Higher Education Institutions: A Bibliometric Evidence from 1981 to 2020. Library Philosophy and Practice, 5579, 1-34. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/5579
Shoaib, M., Ahmad, A., Ali, N., & Abdullah, F. (2021). Trend of Research Visualization of Learning, Classroom, and Class Participation in Higher Education Institutions: A Bibliometric Analysis from 2001 to 2020. Library Philosophy and Practice, 5743, 1-26. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/5743
Shoaib, M., Ali, N., Anwar, B., & Abdullah, F. (2022). Library services and facilities in higher education institutions during coronavirus disease (COVID-19) in Pakistan. Journal of Information Science, 1-14. https://doi.org/10.1177/01655515221141035
Shoaib, M., Ali, N., Anwar, B., Rasool, S., Mustafa, R.-e., & Zici, S. (2021). Research Visualization on Teaching, Language, Learning of English and Higher Education Institutions from 2011 to 2020: A Bibliometric Evidences Library Philosophy and Practice, 5677, 1-27. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/5677/
Shoaib, M., Ali, N., Anwar, B., & Shaukat, B. (2021). Plotting the Literature on Learning Outcomes and Academic Performance in Higher Education from 2001 to 2020: A Scientometric Analysis. Library Philosophy and Practice, 5919, 1-24. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/5919/
Shoaib, M., Ali, R., & Akbar, A. (2021). Library Services and Facilities in Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan: Satisfaction of Patrons. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-19. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6721/
Shoaib, M., Ali, S. R., & Abbas, Z. (2024). Self-Fulfilling Prophecy of Learning Skills Among Students in Higher Education. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(7), 164-177. https://pjlaw.com.pk/index.php/Journal/article/view/v3i7-164-177
Shoaib, M., Anwar, B., & Mustafa, R.-E.-. (2022). Moral Literacy and Islamic Values among Students at Tertiary Level. Al-Āfāq Islamic Research Journal, 2(2), 1-11. http://alaafaqjournal.com/index.php/alaafaq/article/view/67
Shoaib, D. M., Anwar, D. B., & Rasool, D. S. (2022). Factors Affecting EFL Teaching Skills at Higher Education Institutions in Pakistan: An Analysis of Teachers’ Perspective . Pakistan Journal of Language Studies, 6(1), 1-15. https://pjls.gcuf.edu.pk/index.php/pjls/article/view/156
Shoaib, M., Fatima, U., & Jamil, R. (2021). Academic Library and Students' Learning at University Level: Nothing is Pleasanter than Exploring a Library. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-19. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/7014/
Shoaib, M., Iqbal, S., & Tahira, G. (2021). Digitalization of Academic Libraries in Higher Education Institutions during COVID-19 Pandemic. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-15. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/libphilprac/6376/
Shoaib, M., Munir, A., Masood, M., Ali, Q., & Sher, F. (2012). Education as a Source of Child Health Care Practices: A Case of Mothers in Tehsil Kharian, Gujrat-Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal, 19(5), 754-761. https://www.cabidigitallibrary.org/doi/full/10.5555/20123356349
Shoaib, M., Mustafa, R.-E.-., & Hussain, K. G. (2022). Revisiting Classroom Environment and Academic Performance of the Students in Higher Education Institutions. Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 4(3), 969-986. https://doi.org/10.52567/pjsr.v4i03.1279
Shoaib, M., Mustafa, R.-E.-., & Hussain, K. G. (2023). Citing the Empirical Shreds of Electronic Evidence on Pedagogical Skills Employing Bibliometric Analysis from 2001- 2020. Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 5(2), 1050-1062. https://pjsr.com.pk/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/104.-Vol.-5-No.-2-June-2023-Shoaib-Raza-E-Mustafa-Hussain-Citing-the-Empirical-Shreds-of-Electronic-Evidence-on-Pedagogical-Skills.pdf
Shoaib, M., Naseer, A., & Naseer, N. (2023). Family Pressure, Social Media Influence, and COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy among Students at Higher Education in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 2(3), 295-307. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/pknjlolw2&div=149&id=&page=
Shoaib, M., Rasool, S., & Anwar, B. (2021). Evaluating Research Support Facilities to University Students during COVID-19. Library Philosophy and Practice, 4953(1), 1-18. https://www.proquest.com/openview/d609f4a5dfddf242facdaafdfa8bf79d/1?pq-origsite=gscholar&cbl=54903
Shoaib, M., Rasool, S., Anwar, B., & Ali, R. (2023). Academic library resources and research support services to English teachers in higher education institutions. Journal of Electronic Resources Librarianship, 35(1), 17-27. https://doi.org/10.1080/1941126X.2023.2165240
Shoaib, M., Saeed, Y., & Cheema, S. N. (2012). Education and Women's Empowerment at Household Level: A Case Study of Women in Rural Chiniot, Pakistan. Academic Research International, 2(1), 519-526. http://www.savap.org.pk/journals/ARInt./Vol.2(1)/2012(2.1-51).pdf
Shoaib, M., Shehzadi, K., & Abbas, Z. (2023). Contemporary Research on Learning Spaces and Teacher Effectiveness in Higher Education. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 2(03), 352–369. https://heinonline.org/HOL/LandingPage?handle=hein.journals/pknjlolw2&div=155&id=&page=
Shoaib, M., Shehzadi, K., & Abbas, Z. (2024a). Inclusivity and Teachers’ Aptitude in Higher Education in Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(6), 219-237. https://pjlaw.com.pk/index.php/Journal/article/view/v3i6-219-237
Shoaib, M., Shehzadi, K., & Abbas, Z. (2024b). Inclusivity, Teacher Competency, and Learning Environment at Higher Education: Empirical Evidences. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(5), 244-261. https://pjlaw.com.pk/index.php/Journal/article/view/v3i5-244-261
Shoaib, M., Tariq, M., Shahzadi, S., & Ali, M. (2022). Role of Academic Libraries in Online Academic Activities during COVID-19 Outbreak at Tertiary Level: A Library is a Thought in Cold Storage. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-19. https://openurl.ebsco.com/EPDB%3Agcd%3A12%3A17165772/detailv2?sid=ebsco%3Aplink%3Ascholar&id=ebsco%3Agcd%3A161168404&crl=c&link_origin=scholar.google.com
Shoaib, M., & Ullah, H. (2019). Female and Male Students’ Educational Performance in Tertiary Education in the Punjab, Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Social Issues, X(1), 83-100. https://uog.edu.pk/downloads/journal/X/5.pdf
Shoaib, M., & Ullah, H. (2021a). Classroom Environment, Teacher, and Girl Students’ Learning Skills. Education and Urban Society, 53(9), 1039-1063. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131245211001908
Shoaib, M., & Ullah, H. (2021b). Teachers' perspectives on factors of female students' outperformance and male students' underperformance in higher education. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(3), 684-699. https://10.1108/IJEM-05-2020-0261
Shoaib, M., Usmani, F., & Abdullah, F. (2023). Plotting The Literature On Social Work Education From 1971-2020: A Scientometric Analysis. Pakistan Journal of Social Research, 5(2), 1347-1360. https://pjsr.com.pk/wp-content/uploads/2023/07/134.-Vol.-5-No.-2-June-2023-Shoaib-Usmani-Abdullah-Plotting-the-Literature-on-Social-Work-Education-From-1971-2020.pdf
Shoaib, M., Zaman, M. A., & Abbas, Z. (2024). Trends of Research Visualization of Gender Based Violence (GBV) from 1971-2020: A Bibliometric Analysis. Pakistan Journal of Law, Analysis and Wisdom, 3(7), 203-216. https://pjlaw.com.pk/index.php/Journal/article/view/v3i8-203-216
Steinmayr, R., & Spinath, B. (2008). Sex differences in school achievement: What are the roles of personality and achievement motivation? European Journal of Personality: Published for the European Association of Personality Psychology, 22(3), 185-209. https://doi.org/10.1002/per.676
Stets, J. E., & Burke, P. J. (2000). Femininity/masculinity. In E. F. Borgatta & R. J. V. (Eds.), Encyclopedia of sociology (Montgomery ed., pp. 997-1005). New York: Macmillan.
Tang, C., Eaves, E., Ng, J., Carpenter, D., Mai, X., Schroeder, D., . . . Haier, R. (2010). Brain networks for working memory and factors of intelligence assessed in males and females with fMRI and DTI. Intelligence, 38(3), 293-303. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2010.03.003
Ullah, H., & Shoaib, M. (2021). Trend of Research Visualization of Sociology of Education from 2001 to 2020: A Bibliometric Analysis. Library Philosophy and Practice, 1-24.
Webb, J., Schirato, T., & Danaher, G. (2002). Understanding bourdieu (First ed.). Washington, DC: Sage Publicatins Ltd.
West, C., & Zimmerman, D. H. (2009). Accounting for doing gender. Gender Society, 23(1), 112-122. https://doi.org/10.1177/0891243208326529
Young, Z. P. (2016). Gender and development. In J. Steans & D. Tepe (Eds.), Handbook on Gender in World Politics. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing Limited.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
SSR's Editorial Board shares the vision of providing free access to information, education, and science for everyone, thus promoting its content through an OPEN ACCESS POLICY, fulfilling the DOAJ definition of open access. The JSSR adheres to an Open Access and Copyright Licensing Policy based on the belief that making research freely accessible to the public promotes greater global knowledge sharing.
The JSSR uses the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. The authors who apply and publish in JSSR consent to abide by the copyright policy set out in the Creative Commons 4.0 license (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license).
- Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s).
- Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified.
While "By 'open access' to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself."
