Journal of Social Sciences Review (JSSR) is a Multidisciplinary peer-reviewed research journal. It aims to disseminate scientific information, high-quality research and spark discussion on Social Sciences (Miscellaneous) current issues.
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Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Mental Health of Young Female Students of Punjab, Pakistan
Worldwide, women are at higher risk of developing mental disorders than men. The available research from developing nations shows that women have more psychological and social vulnerabilities. Pakistan is a developing country with immense challenges for women, such as socio-economic disadvantages. There is a scarcity of research in Pakistan looking at the Socio-economic Status (SES) of young female students and their association with mental health issues. This research aimed to find out the association of SES with mental health problems among unmarried female students of Punjab, Pakistan. The study was based on a cross-sectional descriptive research design. The independent variables were the socioeconomic factors, and the dependent variable was poor mental health. The data and the assessment of psychological morbidity among the study population were collected using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and a self-designed questionnaire. All the frequencies and percentages were computed using descriptive statistics, and a Chi-Square test was carried out to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study would be a significant addition for the identification of mental health risks among young women, which can be utilized by policy-makers and NGOs, particularly working for women's empowerment. The study would also provide a knowledge base for future studies in this area.
Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Is the UK Constitution Really a Secular?
It is interesting to note that the British society, which bears a symbol of secularism, owns an uncodified constitution that possesses significant religious characteristics, pertaining not only to a particular religion (Christianity) but also to a particular denomination (protestant). These constitutionally evolved religious features are generally neglected in the British constitutional discourse and debates for the reason that the British constitution is presumed to be a secular constitution whereas the facts state otherwise as it bears several significant historical statutes which mark its religious relevance. Moreover, such a presumed impression of constitutional secularism of the UK tends to be generally misleading various circles and quarters of the Pakistani society; which may potentially result into a motivation for socio-political campaigns in Pakistan for the same pursuit based on the misunderstood constitutional position of the UK. Thus, this article attempts to highlight those significant religious documents, Acts and conventions which provide ample evidence that the UK constitution is not a secular constitution for several reasons such as its historical recognition for deep-rooted nexus between the constitutional monarchy, Parliament and Established Church of England and Scotland. In addition, the legal framework of the UK also contains strong and significant religious representations in all the three military forces, state-funded schools and prisons across the UK.
Digital Deception and Agenda Setting: A Qualitative Analysis of Fake News, False Narratives and Misinformation in TLP’S Aqsa March on Social Media
The undertaken research explored the perpetuation of fake news and misinformation trends as strategic tools of agenda setting and negative propaganda in digital political landscape of Pakistan analyzing social media content in the recent Al Aqsa march of TLP. The study has adopted qualitative research design to interpret the emotional narratives, misinformation, online trends in the light of agenda setting and framing theories. The study adopted qualitative research design for content analysis of viral Facebook and X posts during protest to identify key patterns of digital agenda setting, narrative construction, religious framing and emotional mobilization through fake news, disinformation and misinformation. The findings concluded that misinformation was not limited merely to distorted images and facts yet they were part of strategic AI powered campaigns of computational propaganda by multiple sides. All the stakeholders used digital spaces for propagation of false narratives to frame themselves as victims in order to gain public support. The information vacuum and weapnization of digital spaces intensified the situation which later on turned into a volatile law and order situation.
Engagement of Vertical Shorts from Long Horizontal Videos: Content Analysis of Podcasts in Pakistan
The Audience engagement on digital media is a question in need for research introspection. The aim of the current research is to analyze audience engagement on vertical short-form videos and compare it with long-form horizontal videos in the scenario of podcasts in Pakistan. The data for the current research was collected from the leading Pakistani podcasters on YouTube and engagement of audience with their horizontal full length episodes and vertical short-form videos. The content analysis of their five most viewed podcasts of each podcaster and thematic analyses of experts interviews with the prominent podcasters and experts show that, vertical short-form entertainment with controversial and politically charged videos perform better than the knowledge-based videos. For knowledge-based videos, vertical formats need to be more digitally engaged.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Entrepreneurial Alertness, and Entrepreneurial Passion on Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Entrepreneurship is an important driver of economic growth, innovation, and job creation. For developing countries like Pakistan, understanding what influences students’ intentions to start a business can help strengthen the entrepreneurial culture. This study examines how entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial alertness, and entrepreneurial passion shape the intentions of university students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) to pursue entrepreneurship A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used. Data came from 295 final-year business and commerce students in 17 public universities across KP. A structured questionnaire based on established scales from Linan and Chen (2006), Kaish and Gilad (1991), Phan et al. (2002), and Cardon et al. (2013) measured the core variables. SPSS v26 was used for descriptive analysis, correlations, and multiple regression. Reliability scores ranged from 0.70 to 0.87. Entrepreneurial education (β = 0.53, p < .001) and entrepreneurial passion (β = 0.50, p < .001) both showed strong positive effects on entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial alertness (β = 0.21, p < .05) had a smaller but positive impact. Together, the three predictors explained 48.8% of the variance in intentions (R = 0.699; R² = 0.488). Findings show that entrepreneurship education and the development of passion are key to encouraging students toward entrepreneurial careers, while alertness adds supportive influence. Universities should integrate practical experience and motivation-building elements to strengthen students’ readiness to become entrepreneurs.
Application of Smart Technologies in University Libraries to Spearhead Smart Library Program in Bangladesh
Libraries around the globe are now adopting emerging and innovative technologies to offer prompt and transparent library and information services to users. The application of these cutting-edge technologies harnesses libraries' efficiencies and efficacies to fulfill users' needs and requirements to a great extent. However, public and private university libraries in Bangladesh are now leveraging the blessings of emerging technologies like RFID, Digital borrower IDs, Dspace, Instant Reference Service, IoT, and other smart appliances to keep pace with the rest of the world in meeting challenges in proficiently dealing with savvy library users. This paper is mainly a qualitative approach aiming to focus on the status of the application of smart technologies by university libraries in Bangladesh. Besides, the authors highlight the emerging technologies currently adopted in academic libraries. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding for librarians, researchers, and policymakers regarding the application of smart technologies in university libraries.
Pakistan vs India: The Next 10 Years — Who Will Win the Power Race?
This study examines the geopolitical dynamics between Pakistan and India over the next decade, focusing on the critical factors shaping their rivalry. Both countries are nuclear-armed and have strong strategic interests that influence their military, economic, and global positioning. The paper analyzes the major forces that will decide the balance of power, such as nuclear doctrines, economic strategies, military readiness, and the influence of China and the US. The study, using a comparative approach, evaluates how these factors will impact each country's future dominance in the region. It concludes that while India is likely to expand economically and strengthen its alliances, Pakistan will increasingly leverage its military capabilities and alliances, particularly with China, to position itself as a regional power.
How Emotional Exhaustion impacts the Goal-Focused Leader Behavior: Roles of Supervisor’s Bottom-line Mentality, Obsessive Passion and Organizational Support
The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of work-related stress on workplace performance. By determining and justifying the relationship between Emotional Exhaustion and Goal-focused leader behavior (i.e., supervisory performance is one of the key factors in achieving organizational goals), this research study aims to expand the literature regarding the interaction between Emotional Exhaustion and workplace performance that leads to organizational goals. To implement organizational goals strategically, leaders who are goal-focused communicate and convey the goals of the organization and support employees' efforts to achieve them. Hypothesizing bottom-line mentality also plays an important mediating role in explaining why there is a relationship between Emotional Exhaustion and Goal-focused leader behavior (GFLB). It is investigated the moderating role of Obsessive Passion between the relationship of Emotional Exhaustion and Bottom-line mentality of supervisors. It is also investigated the moderating role of Perceived Organizational Support between the relationship of Bottom-line mentality of supervisors and Goal-focused leader behavior. This study examined the relationship between these variables based on the data collected by front-line managers in the banking sector in Punjab, Pakistan. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27 and Smart-PLS (version-4) to determine how variables influence each other. Using a one-shot survey method and face-to-face interviews, this study collected data. Through PLS-SEM, the study considered the relationship between the proposed theoretical model and 402 valid research questionnaires. Using validity and reliability measurements, the path model fits well with the quantitative data. Consequently, all hypotheses are accepted. Study has theoretical as well as practical contributions.
Supervisor’s BLM (Bottom-line mentality)
PLS- SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling)
Understanding E-bike Purchase Intentions: A Model of Environmental and Technological Determinants
The escalating need for sustainable urban mobility solutions amid concerns over climate change and fuel emissions makes the adoption of E-Bikes a critical area of study. This research investigates the psychological and cognitive factors that drive consumer Intention to Purchase E-Bikes (IPTEB), specifically examining how Environmental Awareness (EA), Consumer STEM Literacy (SL), and Perceived Technological Innovativeness (PTI) influence the perception of functional utility, operationalized as Perceived Technical Benefits (PTB). A quantitative study employing a cross-sectional design utilized Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on data collected from 273 prospective E-Bike consumers in Multan, Pakistan. The structural model demonstrated high predictive power, explaining over 67% of the variance in the key endogenous constructs. All four hypothesized paths were supported, confirming that PTB is the overwhelming predictor of IPTEB (β= 0.820). Crucially, the antecedent variables influencing PTB ranked as follows: PTI (β= 0.373) was the strongest, closely followed by SL (β= 0.319), with EA exerting the weakest influence (β= 0.207). These findings suggest that while environmental concern provides motivation, the purchasing decision is fundamentally driven by rational, technology-based evaluations of product superiority, necessitating that manufacturers shift marketing strategy to focus on technical education and functional performance to maximize perceived value and accelerate adoption.
Exploring the Relationship Between Teachers’ Professional Development in STEM and the Academic Achievement of Students: A Comparative Study Across Urban and Rural Schools
This paper aims at seeking how professional development (PD) of teachers teaching in STEM (Science, technology, engineering and Mathematics) can positively influence the academic achievement of students in a school within an educational institution in comparison to the diversity that exists between the urban and rural schools. A survey based model was also taken and 200 teachers and 800 students were involved in the data collection of approximately 20 secondary schools in cities, and villages. The researchers explore teacher PD quality and frequency, access to STEM resources, the teacher confidence and its impact on mathematical and science performance in schools. Its findings reflected large dissimilarity in comparison with the urban-rural schools as far as PD access is concerned because teachers who work in urban schools are also more applauded to a PD program and adeptly implemented. It was due to this that the urban students were able to achieve higher in both math and science than those obtained by the rural students did showing clearly that PD, teacher confidence and availability of resources can be an important factor when it comes to student achievement. The paper mentions that there is the need to enjoyable access to PD opportunities and resources, which will assist in bridging the gap in the area of accomplishment between the urban and the rural school.
Unlocking Rural Potential: Rethinking Support Structure for Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan’s Rural Context
Women’s entrepreneurship may improve social inclusion, according to the research. Moreover, it might encourage economic growth, foster innovation and creativity, and lessen poverty in society. Women’s entrepreneurship has the potential to increase per capita income and help achieve sustainable development goals. In Pakatan, participation of women in entrepreneurship activities is notably low, but it is hampered by a number of issues. Purposive sampling technique is used in this study. Semi- structured interviews and phenomenology are used in this qualitative study to examine the experience the barriers of 15 women and determine their interest in becoming entrepreneurs in rural area of Pakistan. Gioia Methodology is used for coding and themes which show that cultural norms (early marriage, honor) and strong family opposition are the main non-academic barriers, while government and infrastructural deficiencies (lack of transport, policy awareness) hinder young women's educational and professional aspirations in rural Pakistani communities.
Workplace Mobbing and Spiritual Health Among Teachers in Pakistan: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital
This research has been done to find out the connection between psychological capital with workplace bullying (mobbing) and teachers' overall well-being. Besides, the study measured the effect of psychological capital on the association between health and mobbing. Furthermore, the research looked at demographic differences such as age in psychological capital, mobbing experiences, and health outcomes among teachers. The research used a targeted sample of 390 teachers (235 men and 155 women) from public colleges and universities in the Abbottabad and Mansehra regions. The researcher utilized the following instruments to collect data: Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PsyCap-Q), Mobbing Scale for Academicians (MS-A), Spiritual Health Assessment Scale (SHAS), and a demographic form. They followed a correlational research design. The results demonstrated the existence of significant positive relationships among psychological capital, mobbing, and health. The study found that psychological capital was the factor that connected the gap between mobbing and health. This emphasizes its pivotal role. The outcomes imply that interventions aimed at increasing psychological capital and fighting workplace bullying by which employees are bullied through increased awareness, can contribute to creating a healthier and more supportive environment for teachers. Later, this can elevate student achievement and strengthen the education system.
Imposter Feelings among Medical Students During Medical Education
Impostor syndrome is a prevalent and neglected mental health problem in the area of medical education, as it manifests through the development of self-doubt and inability to internalize performance even when competent. Though it is widely researched in the Western context, it has not been properly explored in Pakistan, where the cultures and academic pressure can increase its impacts. The current research evaluated the prevalence, the levels of the severity, and the predictors of impostor syndrome among medical students in Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was done on 600 medical students (aged 18-25 years) in public (n=300) and private (n=300) colleges in Punjab who were selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Impostor Syndrome Scale (ISS) and the Burnout Scale for Medical Students (BSMS). The findings revealed that 64.5% of students had experienced impostor syndrome, of which 51.2% had mild, 38.8% moderate, 8.3% severe, and 1.8% intense levels of the syndrome. The neural networks were analyzed and the findings indicated that the best predictor of impostor syndrome was the percentage of academic performance (marks). Part-time employment and year of study had significant effects and income, gender and residential status were of moderate effects in the case of impostor syndrome. These results indicate that the rates of impostor syndrome are high among Pakistani medical students, and such results can be used to outline the necessity of applying certain psychological, academic, and institutional interventions to make sure that health and professional sustainability are promoted among future medical practitioners.
Comparison of Aggression among Madrassa, School and College Students: A Case Study of Sialkot District
The current study was conducted to compare the aggression among students from three distinct educational settings in Sialkot, Pakistan: madrassas, schools and colleges. Cross-sectional research design was used in the study. Sample was selected from schools, madrassas and colleges of Sialkot through stratified sampling technique. Sample size was determined after getting the sampling frame of target population. Sample of 500 students, 100 from madrassa, 200 from school and 200 from colleges participated in the study. Respondents were between the age ranges of 13 to 19 years. Aggression was measured by using the Aggression Scale for Adolescents (Zaqia, & Shehzadi, 2019). Results of t-test analysis showed a significant difference in aggression between males and females (r =.007, p < 0.01). Male (M=27.48) reported higher on aggression than females (M=24.91). The ANOVA revealed that aggression was found significantly lower among madrassa students (M=21.77), as compared to school (M=26.29) and college student (M=28.68). Teachers, school counselors, and legislators can use the study's practical implications to create intervention programs that address emotional control, violence prevention, and mental health assistance in Pakistan's diverse educational environments.
Role of Demographic Factors on the Positive-Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients
This paper explored how France has reacted to this move by exclusion to AUKUS not through a direct military confrontation, but through soft balancing and hedging approaches. These included diplomatic outreach, defense co-operation, and diversification of the economy with regional powers such as India, Japan, and ASEAN members. The qualitative research approach is employed to identify official reports, policy reports, and academic sources to describe the identified behaviors of France as the outcome of the assessment of the strategic threats and an effort to maintain the status of influence in the problematic region. The study focuses on the multidimensionality of the objectives of France in balancing-seeking, the significance of norms, multilateralism, and sovereignty. France counters the ambitious nature of China to stabilize the situation in the region in a non-confrontational manner. France considers itself the major security guarantor in the Indo-Pacific. Even at the expense of AUKUS and thus, it is a key contributor to alliances without compromising their own independent status, even after AUKUS.
Intimate Partner Relationship, Coping Strategies and Somatic Symptoms in Married Women
The present study examined the relationship between intimate partner relationships, coping strategies, and somatic symptoms in married women. A correlational research design was used in the research, with a total sample size of N=200 married women. Snowball sampling was used to gather data from married women. Standardized tools measured relationship quality, somatic symptoms, and coping styles, including emotion-focused and problem-focused coping. The results indicated that poor relationship quality was significantly associated with increased somatic complaints or symptoms in married women. Emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with higher somatic complaints, while problem-focused coping showed a negative relationship, indicating its protective role. Furthermore, dyadic coping partially mediated the link between relationship quality and somatic symptoms. Group comparisons revealed that unemployed women reported significantly more somatic symptoms than employed women. Similarly, women from nuclear families showed higher levels of somatic symptoms compared to those from joint family systems. These findings emphasize the psychosomatic impact of relationship stress and coping style and suggest the need for low-cost, culturally sensitive couple-based interventions for married women. Implications can be done in future for further guideline and clinical purpose.
Global Challenges to Inclusive Education in Higher Education: Barriers and Institutional Responses: A Narrow Literature Review
The present study focuses on the challenges of inclusive education across the globe which are confronting with higher education (HE), especially in developing countries. To highlight the key pertinent issues, published articles were scrutinized from Google Scholar between 2019 and 2024. The review shows gender disparity, low socio-economic status of the students, no internet facility for online or e-learning, financial constraints, dissimilarity in curriculum and contents, settlement for refugees, and immigrant students in developed countries. This study offers suggestions to policy makers, curriculum developers, and stakeholders to align their practices and policies with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Moreover, findings indicate that digital soft skills courses for students are mandatory for the global employability. More future studies are needed to find innovative solutions for these challenges.
The Impact of Psychological Factors of Celibacy Syndrome on Attitude Towards Marriage
A societal trend of waning interest in romantic relationships and sexual activity, especially among younger generations, is known as celibacy syndrome. This study aims to investigate how young adults’ attitudes toward marriage are impacted by the psychological components of celibacy syndrome, particularly sexual desire and fear of intimacy. Data was gathered using a standardized questionnaire and a quantitative correlational survey approach 310 adults, both male and female, between the ages of 18 and 40, were included in the study using a purposive-convenient sample technique. Participants were presented with an informed consent form followed by a demographic information form, Sexual Desire Inventory-2 (Spector, et al., 2008), Fear of Intimacy (Descutner & Thelen.,1991), and Marital Attitude Scale (Braaten et al.,1998). The research data was analyzed through IBM SPSS 22 software. The results indicated that the psychological factor of celibacy syndrome, specifically fear of intimacy, has a significant impact on attitudes towards marriage. Individuals with a fear of intimacy tend to avoid close relationships and emotional disclosure, which can substitute emotional fulfillment by avoiding closeness. The finding also showed that another psychological factor of celibacy syndrome was sexual desire, which has an insignificant impact on attitudes towards marriage. The findings of this study offer insights into emotional well-being, enrich academic research, and provide practical strategies for balancing personal and professional life. It also promotes societal awareness and acceptance of diverse lifestyles.
The Role of Using Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Improving Information Security: An Analytical Study on a Sample of Employees Working in the Banking Sector
This research aims to evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on information security in commercial banks. It focuses on understanding how these technologies contribute to enhancing protection and detection capabilities against cyber threats. The research relied on a quantitative approach, selecting a random sample of 152 accountants and technicians working in various commercial banks. Data was collected using a specially designed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The results indicate a strong, positive relationship between the application of AI technologies and improved banking information security, confirming the effectiveness of these technologies in addressing growing security challenges. The research recommends that banks invest in and develop AI technologies, as well as train their staff on how to use them effectively, to ensure the highest levels of protection and security.
Adoption of Green Accounting Information Its Impact on Sustainability Disclosure: An Analytical Study
The purpose of the current research is to measure the impact of green accounting information systems in the disclosure of sustainability by (social disclosures, environmental disclosures, and economic disclosures) among a sample of employees in Rafidain Bank, and the research summarized this goal for the purpose of answering an important question represented in (Is it possible to adopt green accounting information systems in the disclosure of sustainability at Rafidain Bank, Diwaniyah branch?), As a result, the research relied on the questionnaire tool to analyze its results and measure the level of availability of these variables in the sample, and accordingly (150) questionnaire was distributed to a sample of employees in Rafidain Bank, Diwaniyah branch, and retrieved from them (136) questionnaire, and (13) questionnaire damaged, which means that (123) questionnaire valid for analysis, and the research imposed a correlation and impact between green accounting information systems and sustainability disclosure, The research came out as a result of several results, foremost of which was that the bank's employees have a great interest in building green accounting information systems and disclosure of sustainability, which gives this a strong correlation and influence between these variables, and the research recommended the need to focus the sample on developing the capabilities and capabilities of its employees in order to build a positive awareness they have towards interest in a sustainable work environment. And give a functional and service character towards customers that loves them and attracts them to deal with the bank without resorting to other banks.
AUKUS Fallout: France's Indo-Pacific Strategy and the Quest for Autonomy
This paper explored how France has reacted to this move by exclusion to AUKUS not through a direct military confrontation, but through soft balancing and hedging approaches. These included diplomatic outreach, defense co-operation, and diversification of the economy with regional powers such as India, Japan, and ASEAN members. The qualitative research approach is employed to identify official reports, policy reports, and academic sources to describe the identified behaviors of France as the outcome of the assessment of the strategic threats and an effort to maintain the status of influence in the problematic region. The study focuses on the multidimensionality of the objectives of France in balance-seeking, the significance of norms, multilateralism, and sovereignty. France counters the ambitious nature of China to stabilize the situation in the region in a non-confrontational manner. France considers itself the major security guarantor in the Indo-Pacific. Even at the expense of AUKUS and thus, it is a key contributor to alliances without compromising their own independent status, even after AUKUS.
Social Media Usage, Parasocial Interactions and Existential Anxiety among Adolescents
This study aimed to explore how social media use relates to parasocial interactions and existential anxiety in adolescents. It was hypothesized that there would be a connection between social media usage, parasocial interactions, and existential anxiety in this age group. To investigate this, a cross-sectional research design was implemented. Researchers used multistage sampling to select a sample of 700 students from private schools and colleges in the Gujranwala district of Punjab, Pakistan. Social Media Engagement Questionnaire (SMEQ) by Przybylski et al. (2013), the Celebrity Persona Parasocial Interaction Scale (CPPI) by Bocarnea (2007) and the Existential Anxiety Questionnaire (EAQ) by Weems et al. (2004) were used for data collection. Correlation and regression analyses were performed, using SPSS Version 24 for statistical analysis. The Cronbach alpha showed that social media has a positive correlation with parasocial interaction (r = .36, p < .01), while social media usage do not show a significant relationship with existential anxiety (r = .01, p ˃ .01). Further, parasocial interaction was negatively correlated with existential anxiety (r = –.09, p < .05). Regression analysis result shown that social media usage significantly predicts parasocial interaction F (1, 698) = 102.58, p < .001, and have 13% of the variance (R² = .13). In contrast, social media engagement did not significantly predict existential anxiety, F (1, 698) = 0.12, p = .73, R² = .00. However, parasocial interaction was a significant negative predictor of existential anxiety, F (1, 698) = 5.50, p = .019, accounting for less than 1% of the variance (R² = .008). It was concluded that social media usage was related to parasocial interaction and increase in parasocial interaction leads to decrease the existential anxiety. The results of this study add in comprehending these phenomena among Pakistani adolescents, highlighting the impact of social media usage on parasocial interactions and existential anxiety.
Digital Financial Inclusion, CO2 Emission and High Quality Development: A Panel Data Approach from South Asian Economies
This study examines that relationship between the High Quality Development index (HQDI) and Digital Financial Inclusion (DFI) in nine South Asian Economies between 2013 and 2023. By using CO2 emissions as a mediating variable, it examines the direct and indirect effects of DFI on development quality. The Endogenous Growth Theory, which highlights the financial integration and technological advancement as important forces behind sustainable development, serves as the theoretical underpinning for the study. To evaluate the impact and mediating pathways, the study used the Sobel mediation analysis and fixed effects panel regression. The findings shows that DFI increases CO2 emissions and positively and significantly contributes to HQDI, suggesting a trade-off between development and environment. The relationship between DFI and HQDI founds to be mediate by CO2 emissions, indicating that although digital finance promotes growth, it also presents environmental challenges. To make the model stronger, the control variables like GDP, population growth, and the use of renewable energy also added. These findings have significant implications for policymakers who aim for a balance environmental sustainability and digital transformation. Encouraging green digital finance policies could improve the region’s high-quality development while reducing carbon risks.
Role Inflationary Stress on Marital Satisfaction and Psychological Wellbeing: Mediating Role of Resilience
This study explores how stress brought on by rising prices, called inflation, plays off against someone's ability to bounce back or recoup after experiencing difficulty. Using a sample of 300 participants, this study applies descriptive statistics and correlation analysis to explore the relationships between resilience, psychological well-being, and financial stress. The results show a negative connection between feeling tough inflation pressures. This means that when there is stronger pressure in the economy, people don't do as well in dealing with stress, overall. Results suggest that strengthening resilience strongly correlates with improved mental health outcomes. So, people who are more resilient tend to do well psychologically, too. This study's results share key findings stating that becoming more resilient helps people handle the stress caused by high inflation and leads to more positive outcomes.
The Effects of Financial Inclusion and Institutional Quality on the Environmental Sustainability: Evidence from Top 30 High Greenhouse Gas Emitter Countries
The study investigates the effects of financial inclusion (FIN) and institutional quality (INQ) on the environmental sustainability (ES) in the highest 30 greenhouse gas (GHG) emitter countries from 2004 to 2021. The study created composite indexes from the facets of the FIN and INQ, using principal component analysis (PCA). In the preliminary analysis the study conducted cross-sectional dependency (CSD), slope homogeneity, structural breaks and unit root test for ultimate review of the dataset. The study adopted 3rd generation cross-sectional autoregressive distributed lag model (CS-ARDL) to estimate long and short run relationships. The empirical findings of the study reveal that the FIN is significantly reducing environmental pressures. However, the INQ increases environmental dilapidation. Further, the findings of the interactive nexus of FIN and INQ on the ES is not momentous. Finally, the study recommends valuable policy suggestions for the policymakers of the developing and developed world for endorsing their ES.
The Bright Side of Youth: Profiling Positive Attitudes and Behaviors in University Students
The current study aimed to profile and examine the predictive role of positive attitudes, namely hope, kindness, meaning in life, and sense of humor, and positive behaviors, including self-reflection, self-monitoring, self-leadership, and self-motivation, in relation to personal growth among university students in Pakistan. The Objective of the Study was to assess the level of positive attitudes and positive behaviors among university students. : A Multistage random sampling technique, a probability sampling technique, was used. A total of 900 participants completed self-report questionnaires comprising demographic information and nine standardized psychological scales. Data were analyzed using cluster analysis to explore the contributions of individual factors and student subgroups. The analysis identified three student profiles. Cluster 1 (High positive profile) showed high levels of positive traits and personal growth. Cluster 2 (Moderate profile) had mixed trait levels with lower personal growth. Cluster 3 (Low traits/high growth) had lower positive traits but the highest personal growth, suggesting growth despite fewer internal strengths. These findings underscore the bright side of youth by highlighting how positive attitudes and behaviors shape growth and define meaningful psychological profiles.
Reconceptualising Justice and Authority: Interpretive Conflicts in The Sultan’s Dilemma by Tawfiq Al-Hakim
This research paper seeks to explore the disruption of conventional schemas of authority and justice in Tawfiq Al-Hakim’s The Sultan’s Dilemma. The study applies Peter Stockwell’s Cognitive Poetics, particularly Schema Theory in order to revisit and reconstruct the already existing schemas related to law, authority, and religion. This research argues that the conscious disruption of already set notions enhances the irony and philosophical depth of the narrative. The core tension emerges when the Sultan, once an enslaved person, finds himself coerced to seek legal authorization for his actions. This scenario creates disruption in the minds of readers, compelling them to reshape their notions of justice, not something rigid, but flexible, constructed by society, and rich in diverse interpretations. The research uses qualitative research methodology grounded in close reading and textual analysis and divulges how the language and structure of the play challenge the readers’ anticipations, forcing them to consider the multiple layered meanings. The pre-existing schemas are disrupted by adding the new information, wich become the source of their reconfiguration. This study concludes that schema disruptions in The Sultan’s Dilemma interrogate fixed conceptions of authority and justice, making readers to critically reassess societal norms through irony and cognitive reflection.
An Analysis of Artificial Intelligence (AI) Isolation and the Shattered Self in Present-day Society: Cramped in the 'Room'
This work focuses on the major works of existential philosophy and socio-psychoanalytic theory on the dome and world of Emma Donoghue’s Room, particularly on the dread of isolation and self-identity formation. The dark trauma of mental and physical confinement, control with artificial and present-day modern technology is reshaping the psyche of the being. The Room is both a literal symbolic prison and a metaphor of present-day alienation in the epoch of modern exploration disguised under the burden of technology. This study relies on Kierkegaard philosophy of life, and the analysis shows how Ma, in the process of supportive parenting, regains herself while her child, Jack, finds meaning within the confines of his building fascination. This dichotomy represents a universal bitter truth: even in the face of disturbing and oppressive man-control systems, purposeful life is created through minute acts of struggle and fight. Beyond a depraved story of a boy and a mother’s kidnapping, Room is a profound reflection of today’s disintegrated identities, the product of social disconnection and systems of survival. The story offers a metaphor of survival which turns in on itself to critique modernity, exposing alienation while simultaneously grappling with the hope of self-reinvention through social bonds. The primary source is the original text of the novel.
Impacts of Climate Change in Exacerbating Gender-Based Violence in District Mohmand, Pakistan
Generally, climate change and Gender Based Violence have been studied separately. The present research explores the nexus between climate change and Gender Based Violence in District Mohmand, Pakistan. The study focuses on how the impacts of climate change triggers gender-based violence. The study employs a qualitative approach in which data has been collected from thirty women by using purposive sampling and furthers presented through thematic analysis. The findings of the study reveal women in study area are engaged in different unpaid activities such as water fetching, farming, collecting firewood from the mountains and domestic work. Due to climate change factors the underground water table has depleted which has further impacted on agriculture sectors, local forests and shrubs and other water related needs of the targeted community. As due to local norms, the women are mainly responsible for carrying out these activities. As a result, gender-based violence has also increased in form of carrying out water and collecting firewood from long distances, health issues during carrying out heavy vessels like nerves pain, headache, depression and frustration. On economic side, the women are facing time poverty as majority of their precious time is spend in arranging this unpaid labour resulting them backward in availing health and education services. The study recommends that further research should be conducted to cover the policy side of this phenomenon.
Climate Change in Pakistani Media: An Ecolinguistic Analysis of Dawn Climate Reports (2020–2025)
This study investigates how Dawn, Pakistan’s leading English-language newspaper, constructed climate change between 2020 and 2025. Using a corpus-assisted ecolinguistic approach, texts were analyzed through Stibbe (2015) framework of “stories we live by,” focusing on six stories: framing, metaphor, identity, conviction, erasure and salience. LancsBox X (v5.5.1) software was employed to generate keywords, collocations, and concordances, which were then interpreted qualitatively. The findings reveal that media narratives are shaped less by neutral reporting and more by discursive strategies that foreground particular problems while sidelining others. Quantitative coding indicates that framing (28%) and identity (25%) are the prominent strategies, positioning climate change as a security, finance, and development crisis while portraying Pakistan both as a frontline victim and as a state with conditional resilience. Salience (22%) shows repeated emphasis on floods, heatwaves, and financial injustice, while metaphor (20%) dramatizes climate change through war and reckoning imagery. Visualizations, including a pie chart and year-wise bar graph, confirmed the dominance of framing and identity and showed their increase after the 2022 floods. The study concludes that Dawn’s discourse amplifies urgency and moral obligation but narrows ecological imagination by privileging finance and governance frames over community-led and ecological perspectives. By documenting what is emphasized and what is omitted, this research fills a gap in ecolinguistics and media studies. It offers a baseline for analyzing climate discourse in South Asia. It calls for a more inclusive media narrative that integrates local voices and ecological ethics alongside policy and finance.