Journal of Social Sciences Review
type: channel
description: Journal of Social Sciences Review (JSSR) is a Multidisciplinary peer-reviewed research journal. It aims to disseminate scientific information, high-quality research and spark discussion on Social Sciences (Miscellaneous) current issues.
publisher: Nishtar Degree College and School System
language: en
publication name: Journal of Social Sciences Review
issn: 2789-441X
copyright: JSSR's Editorial Board shares the vision of providing free access to information, education, and science for everyone, thus promoting its content through an OPEN ACCESS POLICY, fulfilling the DOAJ definition of open access. The JSSR adheres to an Open Access and Copyright Licensing Policy based on the belief that making research freely accessible to the public promotes greater global knowledge sharing. The JSSR uses the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. The authors who apply and publish in JSSR consent to abide by the copyright policy set out in the Creative Commons 4.0 license (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license). Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. While "By 'open access' to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself."
items: Compliance with International Humanitarian Law IHL) in U.S.–Israel Military Operations
items: Psychosocial Factors Leads to Vape Addiction In Young Adult
items: Shariah Supervisory Board Diversity, Sustainability Disclosure, and Bank Performance: Evidence from Pakistan
items: Does Modernization Drive Change in the Family Institution? Urbanization's Impact on Evolving Social Structure: A Quantitative Study
items: Development and Factorial Validation of a Time Management Scale for Students
items: Who Deserves Full Membership? Prospective Teachers' Constructions of Citizenship, Personhood, and Disability in Punjab's Initial Teacher Education
items: Family Functioning, Emotional Intelligence and Suicidal Tendencies among Adolescents
items: Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer on Out of School Children: A Case Study Of Waseela E Taleem Program In Sindh, Pakistan
items: Impact of Teachers’ Challenges And Professional Development in Blended Learning on Students’ Personalization
items: Learning, Networking, and Venture Aspirations: Understanding Social Media’s Role in Student Entrepreneurial Intentions
items: Students’ Motivation and Attitude towards the Choice of Computer Science as a Subject at Secondary School Level
items: Effect of Inquiry-based Teaching (IBT) in Second Language Pedagogy on Students’ Academic Achievement
items: Iran and Venezuela as Energy Insurance: How Access to Heavy Sour Crude Shapes U.S. Refining Resilience, Defense Fuel Budgets, and Contingency Planning in a Strait of Hormuz-Centered Iran Crisis
items: Generative Artificial Intelligence in Marketing Capabilities and Customer Engagement: A Systematic Literature Review
items: Emotional Regulation and Marital Adjustment among Pregnant Women Across all Trimesters: A Comparative Study
items: Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Mental Health of Young Female Students of Punjab, Pakistan
items: Is the UK Constitution Really a Secular?
items: Digital Deception and Agenda Setting: A Qualitative Analysis of Fake News, False Narratives and Misinformation in TLP’S Aqsa March on Social Media
items: Engagement of Vertical Shorts from Long Horizontal Videos: Content Analysis of Podcasts in Pakistan
items: The Impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Entrepreneurial Alertness, and Entrepreneurial Passion on Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
items: Application of Smart Technologies in University Libraries to Spearhead Smart Library Program in Bangladesh
items: Pakistan vs India: The Next 10 Years — Who Will Win the Power Race?
items: How Emotional Exhaustion impacts the Goal-Focused Leader Behavior: Roles of Supervisor’s Bottom-line Mentality, Obsessive Passion and Organizational Support
items: Understanding E-bike Purchase Intentions: A Model of Environmental and Technological Determinants
items: Exploring the Relationship Between Teachers’ Professional Development in STEM and the Academic Achievement of Students: A Comparative Study Across Urban and Rural Schools
items: Unlocking Rural Potential: Rethinking Support Structure for Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan’s Rural Context
items: Workplace Mobbing and Spiritual Health Among Teachers in Pakistan: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital
items: Imposter Feelings among Medical Students During Medical Education
items: Comparison of Aggression among Madrassa, School and College Students: A Case Study of Sialkot District
items: Role of Demographic Factors on the Positive-Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients

Compliance with International Humanitarian Law IHL) in U.S.–Israel Military Operations
type: item
description: This study examines compliance with International Humanitarian Law IHL in U.S.–Israel military operations, focusing on principles of distinction, proportionality, and precaution. Using doctrinal and analytical research methods, it evaluates legal frameworks, state practice, and reported conduct in recent conflicts. The findings indicate partial adherence alongside credible allegations of violations, highlighting gaps between legal obligations and operational realities, and underscoring challenges in accountability and enforcement mechanisms. This research article examines the extent of compliance with IHL in military operations involving the United States and Israel, particularly in the context of recent conflicts in Gaza and the broader Middle East. It evaluates key legal principles such as distinction, proportionality, and precaution, and analyses allegations of violations, the role of U.S. military assistance, and mechanisms of accountability. The study argues that while both states formally commit to IHL norms, significant concerns persist regarding their practical implementation, enforcement, and the politicization of compliance assessments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Armed Conflict Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Civilian Protection
  topic: keywords
subject: Military Assistance
  topic: keywords
subject: State Responsibility
  topic: keywords
subject: War Crimes
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammed Islahuddin
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 111
ending page: 117
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.667

Psychosocial Factors Leads to Vape Addiction In Young Adult
type: item
description: In todays rapidly changing world, the use of E-Cigrates has been increasing in young and adults in Pakistan. This study reveals that how young adults is and how they perceive it. The objective typically involves exploring the psychosocial factors that leads people to Vape and the mindset of people that encourage them to use vaping devices. The study has used Qualitative research design by taking one-on-one interviews, which involves 6 participants that consist of only males. Purposive sampling and thematic analysis were used to have a better understanding of what are the psychosocial factors that leads young adults to vape. The interview was taken by 60 to 90 minutes. The sample size was 6 males which are under 15 to 25 years of age. Those people who are unmarried and falls under this age was population sample. "Nicotine needs were fulfilled by other source which falls in addictive behavior. Peer pressure also influences vaping behavior, while environmental factors like acceptance in workplaces or offices promote its use. Additionally, lack of self-control, often due to the easy availability of vape devices, contributes to vaping. Brainstorming, or mind activity, helps keep oneself busy and facilitates content writing or productivity during working hours, stimulating thinking. Curiosity, or taking an interest in vaping skills or actions, can lead to vaping, often driven by social media content." Girls should be included to understand the perspective of females regarding vape behavior. This can be helpful for have a better generalization of population. Should spent more time on interviews to gather more and authentic information.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psychosocial Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Vape
  topic: keywords
subject: Young Adults
  topic: keywords
subject: Modeling
  topic: keywords
subject: Addiction
  topic: keywords
subject: Peer Pressure
  topic: keywords
subject: Substitute of Smoking
  topic: keywords
creator: Maryum Afzaal
creator: M Nasir Iqbal
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-03-16
publication date: 2026-03-16
starting page: 94
ending page: 110
doi: 10.62843/

Shariah Supervisory Board Diversity, Sustainability Disclosure, and Bank Performance: Evidence from Pakistan
type: item
description: This paper examines the relationship between sustainability disclosure and the performance of Pakistani Islamic banks, focusing on whether the diversity of the Shariah Supervisory Board (SSB) improves this relationship. The increasing relevance of sustainability transparency in the banking industry and the specific role of Shariah governance in Islamic financial institutions drive the theoretical framework used in the research, combining stakeholder theory and the resource-based view. The authors suggest that sustainability disclosure complements legitimacy, addresses information asymmetry, and enhances stakeholder trust, while SSB diversity serves as an intangible governance ability that can enhance the strategic advantages of disclosure. The paper employs a Sustainability Disclosure Index that encompasses general, economic, environmental, and social dimensions, alongside a composite SSB Diversity Index that incorporates demographic, educational, and professional heterogeneity, utilizing longitudinal panel data of Islamic banks in Pakistan from 2005 to 2024. The primary measure of financial performance is the return on assets (ROA), with the Tobin Q used as a strength check. The results indicate that sustainability disclosure positively impacts bank performance, SSB diversity positively influences performance, and the interaction between the two variables is positive, suggesting greater benefits for banks with more diverse SSBs. The paper combines sustainability disclosure, Shariah governance, and performance under a single framework and provides empirical evidence from Pakistan, a significantly sized but under-researched market in Islamic banking. The results have implications for policymakers, particularly the State Bank of Pakistan, and Islamic bank board managers, who must align governance quality, sustainability credibility, and financial performance.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Islamic Banking
  topic: keywords
subject: Sustainability Disclosure
  topic: keywords
subject: Shariah Supervisory Board
  topic: keywords
subject: Board Diversity
  topic: keywords
subject: Bank Performance
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Iftikhar Khan
creator: Farhat Ullah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 238
ending page: 252
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.663

Does Modernization Drive Change in the Family Institution? Urbanization's Impact on Evolving Social Structure: A Quantitative Study
type: item
description: In the context of modernization, especially with reference to urbanization, the family institution is transforming from traditional joint to nuclear structures through the reshaping of multifaceted aspects of the family institution. This quantitative study examines whether modernization, particularly through urbanization, drives changes in the family institution within Pakhtun social structures in District Swat. The data from 250 respondents were collected via a questionnaire. The data analysis was carried out via SPSS, including univariate frequency distributions, agreement indices (AI), descriptive statistics, bivariate chi-square tests, multivariate controls, and Cronbach's alpha (α = 0.715–0.86) for reliability. Findings reveal that 67.2% of respondents reside rurally, yet modernization impacts are evident: 82.8% agree nuclear families outperform joint ones (AI = 1.148); family sizes are declining (72.4% agree, AI = 0.912); women's decision-making empowerment is rising (74.4% agree, AI = 0.86); and individualism/materialism is growing (85.2% agree, AI = 1.264). Bivariate analysis shows significant positive associations between urbanization indicators and high institutional shifts (χ² = 29.847–37.267, p < .001; Gamma = 0.263–0.411). Multivariate controls for family type confirm stronger effects in nuclear families (χ² = 17.271, p < .001) than in joint families (χ² = 28.635, p < .001), with overall AI = 0.89, affirming modernization's influence. Results support modernization theory, highlighting urbanization's role in evolving family norms amid cultural resilience.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Modernization
  topic: keywords
subject: Urbanization
  topic: keywords
subject: Family Institution
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakhtun Social Structure
  topic: keywords
subject: Quantitative Study
  topic: keywords
creator: Imran
creator: Mir Wali Shah
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 225
ending page: 237
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.661

Development and Factorial Validation of a Time Management Scale for Students
type: item
description: Time management is a very important factor that predicts a student’s academic success and overall mental health, thus an effective system for managing time is critical to a student being successful. The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an instrument to assess the time management behaviors of university students in Pakistan. To achieve this goal, two phases were conducted. The first phase involved generating an item pool by deductive reasoning, having experts review the items and the modifications were made accordingly. The second phase consisted of a cross-sectional study using a sample of university students (340) to collect data for factor analysis (exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA)). The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin measure was (.80) and the results of a Bartlett’s test of sphericity were significant, thus indicating that the sample was adequate to conduct a factor analysis. After EFA four factors were retained. Later on, CFA demonstrated strong fit indices (GFI=951, CFI =951, TLI=916) for the four-factor model that were labeled as: Goal Setting, Prioritization, Time Estimation, and Planning. Overall, results indicate that the TMS appears to be a reliable and valid measure that can be used for assessing time management behaviors in academic settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Time Management
  topic: keywords
subject: University Students
  topic: keywords
subject: EFA
  topic: keywords
subject: CFA
  topic: keywords
creator: Saima Riaz
creator: Tamkeen Fatima
creator: Rimsha
creator: Maria Maqsood
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-28
publication date: 2026-02-28
starting page: 85
ending page: 93
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v6i1.657

Who Deserves Full Membership? Prospective Teachers' Constructions of Citizenship, Personhood, and Disability in Punjab's Initial Teacher Education
type: item
description: This qualitative research study explores pre-service teachers’ conceptions of citizenship, personhood, and disability in the context of pre-service teacher education in Punjab, Pakistan. Telephonic interviews were conducted with 12 pre-service teachers pursuing teacher-training in Punjab using the semi-structured life-world interview protocol. TurboScribe was used to perform the translation and transcription, and the subsequent analysis was done in NVivo 15 in the form of meaning condensation and thematic coding. The findings provided three themes: (1) conditional citizenship expressed in the form of deficit discourse; (2) disputed personhood expressed in terms of normative expectations; and (3) pedagogical ambivalence expressed in connection with inclusive education. Most pre-service teachers' dominant themes explained disabled students as objects of care, but not as rights-bearing citizens, thus placing the disability beyond the frame of full community membership. The research thus explains why teacher education reproduces the exclusionary ideas of citizenship, thus urging the high-stakes necessity of transformational pedagogical interventions that acknowledge the personhood and democratic participation of disabled students.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Citizenship Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Disability Studies
  topic: keywords
subject: Teacher Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Personhood
  topic: keywords
subject: Qualitative Interviews
  topic: keywords
subject: Punjab
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Tahira Batool Bokhari
creator: Yaar Muhammad
creator: Faisal Anis
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-16
publication date: 2026-02-16
starting page: 76
ending page: 84
doi: 10.62843/

Family Functioning, Emotional Intelligence and Suicidal Tendencies among Adolescents
type: item
description: The current study was planned with the aim to measure the relationship among family functioning, emotional intelligence and suicidal tendencies in adolescents by using a cross sectional survey research design. Through multi-stage stratified sampling, a sample of 1000 adolescents’ age ranging from 13–19 years was recruited from schools and colleges of Gujrat, Pakistan. The General Functioning of Family Scale was used to collect data on general functioning (Kareem et al., 2022), the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale was employed to collect data on emotional intelligence (Zahra et al., 2024), and the Suicidal Tendencies Scale(Kausar & Fatima 2024) was used to collect data on suicide tendencies. Analysis of Pearson correlation showed significant negative relationships among suicidal tendencies, family functioning (r = −0.431, p < 0.01) and emotional intelligence (r = −0.209, p < 0.01). ANOVA and t -test results showed significant differences in emotional intelligence of adolescents (F = 39.29, p = 0.001) in relation to the maternal education. Further, the females had higher emotional intelligence as compared to the males (p = 0.002). Conversely, the gender and a family structure (nuclear & joint) did not have a significant influence on suicidal tendencies. The findings highlight the importance of the systemic interventions, implying that the enhancement of the family cohesion and incorporation of the emotional literacy programs into the educational curriculums are key measures in preventing suicide among the adolescents.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Emotional Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Family Functioning
  topic: keywords
subject: Suicidal Tendencies
  topic: keywords
subject: Adolescents
  topic: keywords
subject: Family System
  topic: keywords
subject: Maternal Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Noreena Kausar
creator: Basheer Fatima
creator: Shumaila Ilyas
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-13
publication date: 2026-02-13
starting page: 67
ending page: 75
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v6i1.653

Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer on Out of School Children: A Case Study Of Waseela E Taleem Program In Sindh, Pakistan
type: item
description: The research examined the effect of the conditional cash transfer (CCT) Program on decreasing the amount of out of school children in Sindh. Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) introduced the WET Program, aimed at kids aged from 04 to 12 years from the households for the school enrollment and maintain more than 70 percentage of attendance to achieve the PKR 750 per kid to support schooling costs. To analyze the impact of CCT on increasing the enrollment and attendance in school of those children who have been out of the school in the Mirpurkhas & Naushroferoz districts of Sindh and to examine the challenges and limitations which may hinder the results. The study has gathered the household data from questionnaire survey to find the outcomes. Furthermore, there were several execution challenges including infrastructure of teacher and availability of teachers, and to monitor the attendance in remote areas CCT program provides a promising opportunity to decrease the OOS children in Sindh. However, its positive effect mainly depends on the investment in school infrastructure and improved monitoring on attendance and better incentives mainly in the context of poverty and poor supply of education. Rao-soft online sample size calculator was used to compute the sample of this research. The 271-sample size figure was calculated with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin error. Parents/guardians of children aged 5–16 years Registered under the Waseela-e-Taleem (WeT) Program Living in MirpurKhas & Nashroferoz districts of Sindh was selected as the target audience for the study.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Conditional Cash Transfer
  topic: keywords
subject: Out-Of-School
  topic: keywords
subject: School Enrolment
  topic: keywords
subject: Waseela-E-Taleem
  topic: keywords
subject: Sindh
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Tofique Ahmed Channa
creator: Aijaz Ali Wassan
creator: Hamida Narijo
creator: Ahmed Ali Brohi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-13
publication date: 2026-02-13
starting page: 46
ending page: 66
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v6i1.651

Impact of Teachers’ Challenges And Professional Development in Blended Learning on Students’ Personalization
type: item
description: This study investigates how teachers' implementation challenges and professional development in blended learning influence the personalization of student learning experiences. Conducted in public sector universities of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the research employed a quantitative descriptive design. Data were collected from 148 teachers and 341 students using researcher-designed questionnaires. Findings revealed specific obstacles faced by educators and the nature of training they received. Statistical analysis through linear regression was used to determine the significant impact of these teacher-focused factors on the level of personalization attained by students, testing the formulated hypothesis. The study concludes that targeted professional development addressing key implementation challenges is crucial for translating the potential of blended learning into effective, personalized student outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Blended Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Teacher Challenges
  topic: keywords
subject: Professional Development
  topic: keywords
subject: Personalization
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Experience
  topic: keywords
subject: Higher Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Syed Ahmad Raza Shah Gillani
creator: Zafar Khan
creator: Fahmida Bibi
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-12
publication date: 2026-02-12
starting page: 34
ending page: 45
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v6i1.649

Learning, Networking, and Venture Aspirations: Understanding Social Media’s Role in Student Entrepreneurial Intentions
type: item
description: The theoretical and empirical literature on the influence of social media on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Pakistan remains limited. This study aimed to address this gap by examining how social media affects entrepreneurial intentions through the application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Social Learning Theory (SLT). Primary data were collected using psychometric questionnaires during the first phase and semi-structured interviews with twelve participants during the second phase. An explanatory sequential design was adopted, involving 300 undergraduate students in Lahore at the initial stage. Subsequently, twelve participants were purposefully selected based on the testing framework established in the first phase. Structural Equation Modelling (SmartPLS 4) was employed for analysis. The quantitative findings revealed that social media positively and significantly predicted entrepreneurial intentions through perceived opportunities available on these platforms. However, perceived misinformation, distractions, and digital risks demonstrated a significant negative relationship with entrepreneurial self-efficacy. These findings were supported by the qualitative interviews, where students viewed social media as a tool for opportunity recognition, role modelling, networking, and skill development. Platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and LinkedIn were identified as accessible entrepreneurial learning communities. At the same time, students highlighted risks including online scams, unrealistic expectations, information overload, and misleading content.The study concludes that social media functions as a double-edged sword, influencing both cognitive learning (attitudes, norms, and perceived control) and social learning (modelling and reinforcement) in shaping entrepreneurial intentions. The findings suggest that universities in Pakistan should promote guided digital entrepreneurship and social media education to support effective …
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Social Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurial Intentions
  topic: keywords
subject: Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB)
  topic: keywords
subject: Social Learning Theory (SLT)
  topic: keywords
subject: Universities Students, Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Digital Learning
  topic: keywords
subject: Observational Learning
  topic: keywords
creator: Anisha Shoukat
creator: Abdul Shakoor
creator: Sajjad Ali
creator: Muhammad Irfan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-11
publication date: 2026-02-11
starting page: 17
ending page: 33
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v6i1.647

Students’ Motivation and Attitude towards the Choice of Computer Science as a Subject at Secondary School Level
type: item
description: The study aimed at identifying the connection between motivation and attitude of students towards computer science and also identifying the differences in gender with regard to motivation and attitude towards the choice of computer science as a subject. Research was descriptive—a sample population of 300 (150 males and 150 females) secondary school pupils. The attitude and motivation towards computer science of students were measured by a self-developed questionnaire. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the motivation of the students and their attitude toward the choice of computer science as a subject. The analyses based on genders showed that male students had a slightly higher attitude and even motivation than their female counterparts. The results emphasized the need to create positive attitudes and motivation in students in order to increase their interest and attention to computer science. Moreover, the existing differences in gender in relation to attitudes and motivation indicate that both interventions and specific strategies should be implemented to facilitate the creation of equal opportunities and address the motivation of male and female students.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Students’ Motivation
  topic: keywords
subject: Attitude
  topic: keywords
subject: Choice of Computer Science
  topic: keywords
subject: Subject
  topic: keywords
creator: Asma Khizar
creator: Muhammad Nadeem Anwar
creator: Hafiz Muhammad Salman Naveed
creator: Ghulam Zainab
rights: Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2024-12-30
publication date: 2024-12-30
starting page: 300
ending page: 305
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v4i4.645

Effect of Inquiry-based Teaching (IBT) in Second Language Pedagogy on Students’ Academic Achievement
type: item
description: In Pakistani education, English as a second language plays a vital role. It is taught as a compulsory subject to the students for fourteen years. Despite the fact, the standard of proficiency in English language is falling due to inappropriate methodologies employed in language pedagogy at school and college level, consequently students find English language as a barrier in pursuit of achieving excellent careers. The study attempts at finding out the impact of using inquiry based teaching (IBT) on students’ achievement scores. IBT refers to involving students through question-answer mechanism to understand the concept under study. Experimental research with pre-test post-test control group design was conducted on a total of 156 students of VI grade, 78 students in experimental and 78 in control group for two months. The sample was selected as an intact group. An achievement test was administered to collect data from students. The data of 25 students from each group with 80% or above attendance was analyzed. The results of the study show that IBT methodology has positively significant effect on students’ achievement score. Therefore the second language teacher may use IBT to enhance students’ achievement score. Furthermore the study may be replicated for the use of IBT in second language teaching at different academic levels.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Inquiry-based Teaching
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Achievement
  topic: keywords
subject: Second Language
  topic: keywords
creator: Asif Iqbal
creator: Asma Khizar
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-02-03
publication date: 2026-02-03
starting page: 9
ending page: 16
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v6i1.643

Iran and Venezuela as Energy Insurance: How Access to Heavy Sour Crude Shapes U.S. Refining Resilience, Defense Fuel Budgets, and Contingency Planning in a Strait of Hormuz-Centered Iran Crisis
type: item
description: This paper is concerned with access to Venezuelan heavy sour crude as an energy insurance mechanism in the US with a back up that occurred in the middle of Strait of Hormuz and which implicates Iran. The paper focuses on crude oil quality and refinery flexibility instead of aggregate oil supply with emphasis on the fact that O.U. Gulf Coast refiners possess the best processes to accept heavy and high-sulfur feedstocks like Venezuela. Recent policy and market flows show that ordering Venezuelan crude to the U. S refiners could narrow heavy-sour gaps, retain refinery activity hairy, and cover refined-product volatility over periods of world strains during oil supply provision. Such dynamics in the energy market are associated with military readiness, the spread of oil price dynamics to the budgets of the Department of Defense fuel, operational pace, endurance, etc. Peripheral admittance of congruent heavy crude in case of Middle East derailments to create market shock can reduce the level of pricing outbursts which suffocates long-term operations. Despite sanctions, quotas, and geopolitical competition, Venezuelan heavy crude represents a strategically important tool of establishing U.S. potential operations resilience, strategic flexibility and crisis calculus in the event of a potential conflict with Iran.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Energy Security
  topic: keywords
subject: Heavy Sour Crude
  topic: keywords
subject: U.S. Military Logistics
  topic: keywords
subject: Refinery Resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: Strait of Hormuz
  topic: keywords
subject: Iran Contingency
  topic: keywords
creator: Syed Rizwan Haider Bukhari
rights: Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2026-01-27
publication date: 2026-01-27
starting page: 1
ending page: 8
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v6i1.641

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Marketing Capabilities and Customer Engagement: A Systematic Literature Review
type: item
description: The recent spread of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is transforming how companies form marketing competencies and interact with their clients, but current literature is still disjointed between fields and views. The present research is based on the systematic literature review in order to synthesize the work that was done on GAI in marketing previously, explain its role in improving marketing attributes and customer relationships, and find out uncovered issues and research directions. The review covers the necessity of an integrative synthesis supporting cumulative theory progression and informed managerial decision-making Adopting a systematic literature review method, the study reviews peer-reviewed journal articles devoted to the generative AI application in marketing. The review summarizes both conceptual and empirical research in various methodological traditions to analyze prevailing themes, theoretical underpinnings, technology enablers, organizational influences, and governance concerns defining AI-based marketing practices to reinforce customer engagements. Nonetheless, the results of adoption are largely determined by data governance, ethical issues, organizational preparedness, and human-AI collaboration systems. This paper presents a unified framework of connections between generative AI, marketing capacities, and customer participation, in addition to emphasizing important gaps in the research and providing an ordered agenda on the direction of future investigation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Generative Artificial Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Marketing Capabilities
  topic: keywords
subject: Customer Engagement
  topic: keywords
subject: AI Marketing
  topic: keywords
subject: Online Consumer Behaviour
  topic: keywords
subject: Innovativeness
  topic: keywords
subject: Systematic Literature Review
  topic: keywords
creator: Raza Hussain Khoso
creator: Alejandra Cervantes Monter
creator: Muhammad Hassan Kamal
creator: Syed Hasnain Alam
creator: Naveed Ali
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 211
ending page: 224
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.639

Emotional Regulation and Marital Adjustment among Pregnant Women Across all Trimesters: A Comparative Study
type: item
description: The present study is intended to measure the emotional regulation and marital adjustment among pregnant women across all trimesters. The cross sectional design was carried out at Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data collected from the community, public and private hospitals. The construct were measured using translated version of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Sana & Riaz, 2015) and Multidimensional Emotional Questionnaire (Shahid & Mushtaq, 2023). For data analysis, regression, independent t-test, cluster analysis and ANOVA were employed. Among 420 pregnant women the results of the ANOVA indicated that pregnant women have lower level of emotional regulation (M= 28.3929) and marital adjustment (M= 75.5000) during first trimester. The study shown that pregnant women from joint family have low marital adjustment and emotion regulation. Further, findings revealed that emotional regulation negatively predicted marital adjustment (β = -.443, p< .001). Women with high emotional intelligence understand and manage their own and others’ emotions well. They handle emotional reactions better than those with low emotional regulation. This ability helps them make positive adjustments in their married life. When the findings are examined in depth, it becomes obvious that pregnant women do not receive the attention they deserve. The majority of the worries have related to the symptoms are concerned about the state of their finances, family support, understanding or the health of their child. They require help as well as guidance from healthcare providers. This study will be useful for the heath and clinical settings to spread awareness for pregnant women, how to control the psychological issues along with health problems.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Emotional Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Marital Adjustment
  topic: keywords
subject: Pregnancy
  topic: keywords
subject: Trimesters
  topic: keywords
creator: Saira Hushmat
creator: Saima Riaz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 201
ending page: 210
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.637

Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Mental Health of Young Female Students of Punjab, Pakistan
type: item
description: Worldwide, women are at higher risk of developing mental disorders than men. The available research from developing nations shows that women have more psychological and social vulnerabilities. Pakistan is a developing country with immense challenges for women, such as socio-economic disadvantages. There is a scarcity of research in Pakistan looking at the Socio-economic Status (SES) of young female students and their association with mental health issues. This research aimed to find out the association of SES with mental health problems among unmarried female students of Punjab, Pakistan. The study was based on a cross-sectional descriptive research design. The independent variables were the socioeconomic factors, and the dependent variable was poor mental health. The data and the assessment of psychological morbidity among the study population were collected using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and a self-designed questionnaire. All the frequencies and percentages were computed using descriptive statistics, and a Chi-Square test was carried out to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study would be a significant addition for the identification of mental health risks among young women, which can be utilized by policy-makers and NGOs, particularly working for women's empowerment. The study would also provide a knowledge base for future studies in this area.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: GHQ
  topic: keywords
subject: Psychological Morbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic Status
  topic: keywords
creator: Saira Sajjad
creator: Rabia Shafiq
creator: Ayza Sarfraz
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 193
ending page: 200
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.635

Is the UK Constitution Really a Secular?
type: item
description: It is interesting to note that the British society, which bears a symbol of secularism, owns an uncodified constitution that possesses significant religious characteristics, pertaining not only to a particular religion (Christianity) but also to a particular denomination (protestant). These constitutionally evolved religious features are generally neglected in the British constitutional discourse and debates for the reason that the British constitution is presumed to be a secular constitution whereas the facts state otherwise as it bears several significant historical statutes which mark its religious relevance. Moreover, such a presumed impression of constitutional secularism of the UK tends to be generally misleading various circles and quarters of the Pakistani society; which may potentially result into a motivation for socio-political campaigns in Pakistan for the same pursuit based on the misunderstood constitutional position of the UK. Thus, this article attempts to highlight those significant religious documents, Acts and conventions which provide ample evidence that the UK constitution is not a secular constitution for several reasons such as its historical recognition for deep-rooted nexus between the constitutional monarchy, Parliament and Established Church of England and Scotland. In addition, the legal framework of the UK also contains strong and significant religious representations in all the three military forces, state-funded schools and prisons across the UK.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Religion
  topic: keywords
subject: Constitution
  topic: keywords
subject: Separation
  topic: keywords
subject: Church
  topic: keywords
subject: Monarch
  topic: keywords
subject: Bishop
  topic: keywords
subject: Parliament
  topic: keywords
creator: Tauheed Ullah Siddiqui
creator: Muhammad Zeeshan Adhi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 183
ending page: 192
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i3.633

Digital Deception and Agenda Setting: A Qualitative Analysis of Fake News, False Narratives and Misinformation in TLP’S Aqsa March on Social Media
type: item
description: The undertaken research explored the perpetuation of fake news and misinformation trends as strategic tools of agenda setting and negative propaganda in digital political landscape of Pakistan analyzing social media content in the recent Al Aqsa march of TLP. The study has adopted qualitative research design to interpret the emotional narratives, misinformation, online trends in the light of agenda setting and framing theories. The study adopted qualitative research design for content analysis of viral Facebook and X posts during protest to identify key patterns of digital agenda setting, narrative construction, religious framing and emotional mobilization through fake news, disinformation and misinformation. The findings concluded that misinformation was not limited merely to distorted images and facts yet they were part of strategic AI powered campaigns of computational propaganda by multiple sides. All the stakeholders used digital spaces for propagation of false narratives to frame themselves as victims in order to gain public support. The information vacuum and weapnization of digital spaces intensified the situation which later on turned into a volatile law and order situation.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Fake News
  topic: keywords
subject: TLP
  topic: keywords
subject: Agenda Setting
  topic: keywords
subject: Framing
  topic: keywords
subject: Religious Cues
  topic: keywords
subject: Powered Computational Propaganda
  topic: keywords
subject: False Narratives
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Waqas Awan
creator: Muhammad Shahid
creator: Asif Ismail
creator: Madeha Fasahat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 175
ending page: 182
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.631

Engagement of Vertical Shorts from Long Horizontal Videos: Content Analysis of Podcasts in Pakistan
type: item
description: The Audience engagement on digital media is a question in need for research introspection. The aim of the current research is to analyze audience engagement on vertical short-form videos and compare it with long-form horizontal videos in the scenario of podcasts in Pakistan. The data for the current research was collected from the leading Pakistani podcasters on YouTube and engagement of audience with their horizontal full length episodes and vertical short-form videos. The content analysis of their five most viewed podcasts of each podcaster and thematic analyses of experts interviews with the prominent podcasters and experts show that, vertical short-form entertainment with controversial and politically charged videos perform better than the knowledge-based videos. For knowledge-based videos, vertical formats need to be more digitally engaged.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Digital Media
  topic: keywords
subject: Short Videos
  topic: keywords
subject: Vertical Videos
  topic: keywords
subject: Podcasts
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: Podcasters
  topic: keywords
subject: Reels
  topic: keywords
subject: Shorts
  topic: keywords
creator: Hamayun Khan
creator: Noman Ahmed Ansari
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 165
ending page: 174
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.629

The Impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Entrepreneurial Alertness, and Entrepreneurial Passion on Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
type: item
description: Entrepreneurship is an important driver of economic growth, innovation, and job creation. For developing countries like Pakistan, understanding what influences students’ intentions to start a business can help strengthen the entrepreneurial culture. This study examines how entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial alertness, and entrepreneurial passion shape the intentions of university students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) to pursue entrepreneurship A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used. Data came from 295 final-year business and commerce students in 17 public universities across KP. A structured questionnaire based on established scales from Linan and Chen (2006), Kaish and Gilad (1991), Phan et al. (2002), and Cardon et al. (2013) measured the core variables. SPSS v26 was used for descriptive analysis, correlations, and multiple regression. Reliability scores ranged from 0.70 to 0.87. Entrepreneurial education (β = 0.53, p < .001) and entrepreneurial passion (β = 0.50, p < .001) both showed strong positive effects on entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial alertness (β = 0.21, p < .05) had a smaller but positive impact. Together, the three predictors explained 48.8% of the variance in intentions (R = 0.699; R² = 0.488). Findings show that entrepreneurship education and the development of passion are key to encouraging students toward entrepreneurial careers, while alertness adds supportive influence. Universities should integrate practical experience and motivation-building elements to strengthen students’ readiness to become entrepreneurs.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Entrepreneurial Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurial Alertness
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurial Passion
  topic: keywords
subject: Entrepreneurial Intentions
  topic: keywords
subject: University Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Shah Murad
creator: Javeed Iqbal
creator: Faheem Ahmed
creator: Zia Ullah Khan
creator: Nafid Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 151
ending page: 164
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.627

Application of Smart Technologies in University Libraries to Spearhead Smart Library Program in Bangladesh
type: item
description: Libraries around the globe are now adopting emerging and innovative technologies to offer prompt and transparent library and information services to users. The application of these cutting-edge technologies harnesses libraries' efficiencies and efficacies to fulfill users' needs and requirements to a great extent. However, public and private university libraries in Bangladesh are now leveraging the blessings of emerging technologies like RFID, Digital borrower IDs, Dspace, Instant Reference Service, IoT, and other smart appliances to keep pace with the rest of the world in meeting challenges in proficiently dealing with savvy library users. This paper is mainly a qualitative approach aiming to focus on the status of the application of smart technologies by university libraries in Bangladesh. Besides, the authors highlight the emerging technologies currently adopted in academic libraries. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding for librarians, researchers, and policymakers regarding the application of smart technologies in university libraries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Smart Library
  topic: keywords
subject: Emerging Technologies
  topic: keywords
subject: Internet of Things
  topic: keywords
subject: Cloud Computing
  topic: keywords
subject: OPAC
  topic: keywords
creator: Md. Aktarul Islam
creator: Abdur Razzak
creator: Md. Dulal Uddin
creator: Md. Sohel Rana
creator: Md Rashed Nizami
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 126
ending page: 140
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.625

Pakistan vs India: The Next 10 Years — Who Will Win the Power Race?
type: item
description: This study examines the geopolitical dynamics between Pakistan and India over the next decade, focusing on the critical factors shaping their rivalry. Both countries are nuclear-armed and have strong strategic interests that influence their military, economic, and global positioning. The paper analyzes the major forces that will decide the balance of power, such as nuclear doctrines, economic strategies, military readiness, and the influence of China and the US. The study, using a comparative approach, evaluates how these factors will impact each country's future dominance in the region. It concludes that while India is likely to expand economically and strengthen its alliances, Pakistan will increasingly leverage its military capabilities and alliances, particularly with China, to position itself as a regional power.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
subject: India
  topic: keywords
subject: Nuclear Doctorine
  topic: keywords
subject: Military Power
  topic: keywords
subject: Economy
  topic: keywords
subject: Strategic Alliances
  topic: keywords
subject: Global Positioning
  topic: keywords
subject: Two-Front War
  topic: keywords
subject: US-China Rivalry
  topic: keywords
subject: Geopolitical Strategy
  topic: keywords
creator: Syed Rizwan Haider Bukhari
creator: Sajjad Nazir
creator: Tourkia Rebhi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 120
ending page: 125
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.623

How Emotional Exhaustion impacts the Goal-Focused Leader Behavior: Roles of Supervisor’s Bottom-line Mentality, Obsessive Passion and Organizational Support
type: item
description: The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of work-related stress on workplace performance. By determining and justifying the relationship between Emotional Exhaustion and Goal-focused leader behavior (i.e., supervisory performance is one of the key factors in achieving organizational goals), this research study aims to expand the literature regarding the interaction between Emotional Exhaustion and workplace performance that leads to organizational goals. To implement organizational goals strategically, leaders who are goal-focused communicate and convey the goals of the organization and support employees' efforts to achieve them. Hypothesizing bottom-line mentality also plays an important mediating role in explaining why there is a relationship between Emotional Exhaustion and Goal-focused leader behavior (GFLB). It is investigated the moderating role of Obsessive Passion between the relationship of Emotional Exhaustion and Bottom-line mentality of supervisors. It is also investigated the moderating role of Perceived Organizational Support between the relationship of Bottom-line mentality of supervisors and Goal-focused leader behavior. This study examined the relationship between these variables based on the data collected by front-line managers in the banking sector in Punjab, Pakistan. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27 and Smart-PLS (version-4) to determine how variables influence each other. Using a one-shot survey method and face-to-face interviews, this study collected data. Through PLS-SEM, the study considered the relationship between the proposed theoretical model and 402 valid research questionnaires. Using validity and reliability measurements, the path model fits well with the quantitative data. Consequently, all hypotheses are accepted. Study has theoretical as well as practical contributions.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Emotional Exhaustion (EE)
  topic: keywords
subject: Goal Focused Leader Behaviour (GFLB)
  topic: keywords
subject: Supervisor’s BLM (Bottom-line mentality)
  topic: keywords
subject: Obsessive Passion (OP)
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived Organizational Support (POS)
  topic: keywords
subject: PLS- SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling)
  topic: keywords
creator: Saima Zia
creator: Rakhshan Ummar
creator: Nosheen Khan
creator: Laiba Azmat
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 107
ending page: 119
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.621

Understanding E-bike Purchase Intentions: A Model of Environmental and Technological Determinants
type: item
description: The escalating need for sustainable urban mobility solutions amid concerns over climate change and fuel emissions makes the adoption of E-Bikes a critical area of study. This research investigates the psychological and cognitive factors that drive consumer Intention to Purchase E-Bikes (IPTEB), specifically examining how Environmental Awareness (EA), Consumer STEM Literacy (SL), and Perceived Technological Innovativeness (PTI) influence the perception of functional utility, operationalized as Perceived Technical Benefits (PTB). A quantitative study employing a cross-sectional design utilized Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on data collected from 273 prospective E-Bike consumers in Multan, Pakistan. The structural model demonstrated high predictive power, explaining over 67% of the variance in the key endogenous constructs. All four hypothesized paths were supported, confirming that PTB is the overwhelming predictor of IPTEB (β= 0.820). Crucially, the antecedent variables influencing PTB ranked as follows: PTI (β= 0.373) was the strongest, closely followed by SL (β= 0.319), with EA exerting the weakest influence (β= 0.207). These findings suggest that while environmental concern provides motivation, the purchasing decision is fundamentally driven by rational, technology-based evaluations of product superiority, necessitating that manufacturers shift marketing strategy to focus on technical education and functional performance to maximize perceived value and accelerate adoption.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: STEM Literacy
  topic: keywords
subject: Environmental Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Perceived Technical Benefits
  topic: keywords
subject: E Bikes
  topic: keywords
creator: Hiba Azeem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 92
ending page: 106
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.619

Exploring the Relationship Between Teachers’ Professional Development in STEM and the Academic Achievement of Students: A Comparative Study Across Urban and Rural Schools
type: item
description: This paper aims at seeking how professional development (PD) of teachers teaching in STEM (Science, technology, engineering and Mathematics) can positively influence the academic achievement of students in a school within an educational institution in comparison to the diversity that exists between the urban and rural schools. A survey based model was also taken and 200 teachers and 800 students were involved in the data collection of approximately 20 secondary schools in cities, and villages. The researchers explore teacher PD quality and frequency, access to STEM resources, the teacher confidence and its impact on mathematical and science performance in schools. Its findings reflected large dissimilarity in comparison with the urban-rural schools as far as PD access is concerned because teachers who work in urban schools are also more applauded to a PD program and adeptly implemented. It was due to this that the urban students were able to achieve higher in both math and science than those obtained by the rural students did showing clearly that PD, teacher confidence and availability of resources can be an important factor when it comes to student achievement. The paper mentions that there is the need to enjoyable access to PD opportunities and resources, which will assist in bridging the gap in the area of accomplishment between the urban and the rural school.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Teacher Professional Development
  topic: keywords
subject: STEM Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Student Achievement
  topic: keywords
subject: Urban-Rural Disparities
  topic: keywords
subject: Educational Inequality
  topic: keywords
subject: Teacher Confidence
  topic: keywords
subject: Resources in Education
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Performance,
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Education
  topic: keywords
creator: Zahid Hussain Sahito
creator: Farzana Jabeen Khoso
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 74
ending page: 91
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i3.616

Unlocking Rural Potential: Rethinking Support Structure for Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan’s Rural Context
type: item
description: Women’s entrepreneurship may improve social inclusion, according to the research. Moreover, it might encourage economic growth, foster innovation and creativity, and lessen poverty in society. Women’s entrepreneurship has the potential to increase per capita income and help achieve sustainable development goals. In Pakatan, participation of women in entrepreneurship activities is notably low, but it is hampered by a number of issues. Purposive sampling technique is used in this study. Semi- structured interviews and phenomenology are used in this qualitative study to examine the experience the barriers of 15 women and determine their interest in becoming entrepreneurs in rural area of Pakistan. Gioia Methodology is used for coding and themes which show that cultural norms (early marriage, honor) and strong family opposition are the main non-academic barriers, while government and infrastructural deficiencies (lack of transport, policy awareness) hinder young women's educational and professional aspirations in rural Pakistani communities.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Women Entrepreneurship
  topic: keywords
subject: Phenomenology
  topic: keywords
subject: Gioia Methodology
  topic: keywords
creator: Sana Anwar
creator: Maryam Saleem
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 63
ending page: 73
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i3.614

Workplace Mobbing and Spiritual Health Among Teachers in Pakistan: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital
type: item
description: This research has been done to find out the connection between psychological capital with workplace bullying (mobbing) and teachers' overall well-being. Besides, the study measured the effect of psychological capital on the association between health and mobbing. Furthermore, the research looked at demographic differences such as age in psychological capital, mobbing experiences, and health outcomes among teachers. The research used a targeted sample of 390 teachers (235 men and 155 women) from public colleges and universities in the Abbottabad and Mansehra regions. The researcher utilized the following instruments to collect data: Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PsyCap-Q), Mobbing Scale for Academicians (MS-A), Spiritual Health Assessment Scale (SHAS), and a demographic form. They followed a correlational research design. The results demonstrated the existence of significant positive relationships among psychological capital, mobbing, and health. The study found that psychological capital was the factor that connected the gap between mobbing and health. This emphasizes its pivotal role. The outcomes imply that interventions aimed at increasing psychological capital and fighting workplace bullying by which employees are bullied through increased awareness, can contribute to creating a healthier and more supportive environment for teachers. Later, this can elevate student achievement and strengthen the education system.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Psychological Capital
  topic: keywords
subject: Mobbing
  topic: keywords
subject: Mental Health
  topic: keywords
subject: Teachers
  topic: keywords
creator: Haleema Farid
creator: Summaira Rehman
creator: Shagufta Perveen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 141
ending page: 150
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.612

Imposter Feelings among Medical Students During Medical Education
type: item
description: Impostor syndrome is a prevalent and neglected mental health problem in the area of medical education, as it manifests through the development of self-doubt and inability to internalize performance even when competent. Though it is widely researched in the Western context, it has not been properly explored in Pakistan, where the cultures and academic pressure can increase its impacts. The current research evaluated the prevalence, the levels of the severity, and the predictors of impostor syndrome among medical students in Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was done on 600 medical students (aged 18-25 years) in public (n=300) and private (n=300) colleges in Punjab who were selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Impostor Syndrome Scale (ISS) and the Burnout Scale for Medical Students (BSMS). The findings revealed that 64.5% of students had experienced impostor syndrome, of which 51.2% had mild, 38.8% moderate, 8.3% severe, and 1.8% intense levels of the syndrome. The neural networks were analyzed and the findings indicated that the best predictor of impostor syndrome was the percentage of academic performance (marks). Part-time employment and year of study had significant effects and income, gender and residential status were of moderate effects in the case of impostor syndrome. These results indicate that the rates of impostor syndrome are high among Pakistani medical students, and such results can be used to outline the necessity of applying certain psychological, academic, and institutional interventions to make sure that health and professional sustainability are promoted among future medical practitioners.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Impostor Syndrome
  topic: keywords
subject: Medical Students
  topic: keywords
subject: Neural Network Analysis
  topic: keywords
subject: Pakistan
  topic: keywords
creator: Amna Ishaq
creator: Noreena Kausar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 275
ending page: 283
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i3.610

Comparison of Aggression among Madrassa, School and College Students: A Case Study of Sialkot District
type: item
description: The current study was conducted to compare the aggression among students from three distinct educational settings in Sialkot, Pakistan: madrassas, schools and colleges. Cross-sectional research design was used in the study. Sample was selected from schools, madrassas and colleges of Sialkot through stratified sampling technique. Sample size was determined after getting the sampling frame of target population. Sample of 500 students, 100 from madrassa, 200 from school and 200 from colleges participated in the study. Respondents were between the age ranges of 13 to 19 years. Aggression was measured by using the Aggression Scale for Adolescents (Zaqia, & Shehzadi, 2019). Results of t-test analysis showed a significant difference in aggression between males and females (r =.007, p < 0.01). Male (M=27.48) reported higher on aggression than females (M=24.91). The ANOVA revealed that aggression was found significantly lower among madrassa students (M=21.77), as compared to school (M=26.29) and college student (M=28.68). Teachers, school counselors, and legislators can use the study's practical implications to create intervention programs that address emotional control, violence prevention, and mental health assistance in Pakistan's diverse educational environments.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Madrassas
  topic: keywords
subject: Aggression
  topic: keywords
subject: Colleges
  topic: keywords
subject: Stratified Sampling
  topic: keywords
subject: Schools
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creator: Noreena Kausar
creator: Umm-e-Farwa
creator: Rimsha Khalid
creator: Shumaila Ilyas
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 54
ending page: 62
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.608

Role of Demographic Factors on the Positive-Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients
type: item
description: This paper explored how France has reacted to this move by exclusion to AUKUS not through a direct military confrontation, but through soft balancing and hedging approaches. These included diplomatic outreach, defense co-operation, and diversification of the economy with regional powers such as India, Japan, and ASEAN members. The qualitative research approach is employed to identify official reports, policy reports, and academic sources to describe the identified behaviors of France as the outcome of the assessment of the strategic threats and an effort to maintain the status of influence in the problematic region. The study focuses on the multidimensionality of the objectives of France in balancing-seeking, the significance of norms, multilateralism, and sovereignty. France counters the ambitious nature of China to stabilize the situation in the region in a non-confrontational manner. France considers itself the major security guarantor in the Indo-Pacific. Even at the expense of AUKUS and thus, it is a key contributor to alliances without compromising their own independent status, even after AUKUS.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Demographic Factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Frequency of Hospital Visits
  topic: keywords
subject: Age
  topic: keywords
subject: Gender
  topic: keywords
subject: Birth Order
  topic: keywords
subject: Family System,
  topic: keywords
subject: Positive-Negative Symptoms
  topic: keywords
subject: Schizophrenic Patients
  topic: keywords
creator: Iram Naz
creator: Sameera Shafiq
creator: Laiba Ahmed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
date: 2025-12-30
publication date: 2025-12-30
starting page: 29
ending page: 37
doi: 10.62843/jssr.v5i4.606