Journal of Social Sciences Review (JSSR) is a Multidisciplinary peer-reviewed research journal. It aims to disseminate scientific information, high-quality research and spark discussion on Social Sciences (Miscellaneous) current issues.
JSSR's Editorial Board shares the vision of providing free access to information, education, and science for everyone, thus promoting its content through an OPEN ACCESS POLICY, fulfilling the DOAJ definition of open access. The JSSR adheres to an Open Access and Copyright Licensing Policy based on the belief that making research freely accessible to the public promotes greater global knowledge sharing. The JSSR uses the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. The authors who apply and publish in JSSR consent to abide by the copyright policy set out in the Creative Commons 4.0 license (Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International license). Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. While "By 'open access' to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself."
Family Functioning, Emotional Intelligence and Suicidal Tendencies among Adolescents
The current study was planned with the aim to measure the relationship among family functioning, emotional intelligence and suicidal tendencies in adolescents by using a cross sectional survey research design. Through multi-stage stratified sampling, a sample of 1000 adolescents’ age ranging from 13–19 years was recruited from schools and colleges of Gujrat, Pakistan. The General Functioning of Family Scale was used to collect data on general functioning (Kareem et al., 2022), the Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale was employed to collect data on emotional intelligence (Zahra et al., 2024), and the Suicidal Tendencies Scale(Kausar & Fatima 2024) was used to collect data on suicide tendencies. Analysis of Pearson correlation showed significant negative relationships among suicidal tendencies, family functioning (r = −0.431, p < 0.01) and emotional intelligence (r = −0.209, p < 0.01). ANOVA and t -test results showed significant differences in emotional intelligence of adolescents (F = 39.29, p = 0.001) in relation to the maternal education. Further, the females had higher emotional intelligence as compared to the males (p = 0.002). Conversely, the gender and a family structure (nuclear & joint) did not have a significant influence on suicidal tendencies. The findings highlight the importance of the systemic interventions, implying that the enhancement of the family cohesion and incorporation of the emotional literacy programs into the educational curriculums are key measures in preventing suicide among the adolescents.
Copyright (c) 2026 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Impact of Conditional Cash Transfer on Out of School Children: A Case Study Of Waseela E Taleem Program In Sindh, Pakistan
The research examined the effect of the conditional cash transfer (CCT) Program on decreasing the amount of out of school children in Sindh. Benazir Income Support Program (BISP) introduced the WET Program, aimed at kids aged from 04 to 12 years from the households for the school enrollment and maintain more than 70 percentage of attendance to achieve the PKR 750 per kid to support schooling costs. To analyze the impact of CCT on increasing the enrollment and attendance in school of those children who have been out of the school in the Mirpurkhas & Naushroferoz districts of Sindh and to examine the challenges and limitations which may hinder the results. The study has gathered the household data from questionnaire survey to find the outcomes. Furthermore, there were several execution challenges including infrastructure of teacher and availability of teachers, and to monitor the attendance in remote areas CCT program provides a promising opportunity to decrease the OOS children in Sindh. However, its positive effect mainly depends on the investment in school infrastructure and improved monitoring on attendance and better incentives mainly in the context of poverty and poor supply of education. Rao-soft online sample size calculator was used to compute the sample of this research. The 271-sample size figure was calculated with a 95% confidence level and a 5% margin error. Parents/guardians of children aged 5–16 years Registered under the Waseela-e-Taleem (WeT) Program Living in MirpurKhas & Nashroferoz districts of Sindh was selected as the target audience for the study.
Impact of Teachers’ Challenges And Professional Development in Blended Learning on Students’ Personalization
This study investigates how teachers' implementation challenges and professional development in blended learning influence the personalization of student learning experiences. Conducted in public sector universities of Southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, the research employed a quantitative descriptive design. Data were collected from 148 teachers and 341 students using researcher-designed questionnaires. Findings revealed specific obstacles faced by educators and the nature of training they received. Statistical analysis through linear regression was used to determine the significant impact of these teacher-focused factors on the level of personalization attained by students, testing the formulated hypothesis. The study concludes that targeted professional development addressing key implementation challenges is crucial for translating the potential of blended learning into effective, personalized student outcomes.
Learning, Networking, and Venture Aspirations: Understanding Social Media’s Role in Student Entrepreneurial Intentions
The theoretical and empirical literature on the influence of social media on the entrepreneurial intentions of university students in Pakistan remains limited. This study aimed to address this gap by examining how social media affects entrepreneurial intentions through the application of the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and Social Learning Theory (SLT). Primary data were collected using psychometric questionnaires during the first phase and semi-structured interviews with twelve participants during the second phase. An explanatory sequential design was adopted, involving 300 undergraduate students in Lahore at the initial stage. Subsequently, twelve participants were purposefully selected based on the testing framework established in the first phase. Structural Equation Modelling (SmartPLS 4) was employed for analysis. The quantitative findings revealed that social media positively and significantly predicted entrepreneurial intentions through perceived opportunities available on these platforms. However, perceived misinformation, distractions, and digital risks demonstrated a significant negative relationship with entrepreneurial self-efficacy. These findings were supported by the qualitative interviews, where students viewed social media as a tool for opportunity recognition, role modelling, networking, and skill development. Platforms such as YouTube, Instagram, and LinkedIn were identified as accessible entrepreneurial learning communities. At the same time, students highlighted risks including online scams, unrealistic expectations, information overload, and misleading content.The study concludes that social media functions as a double-edged sword, influencing both cognitive learning (attitudes, norms, and perceived control) and social learning (modelling and reinforcement) in shaping entrepreneurial intentions. The findings suggest that universities in Pakistan should promote guided digital entrepreneurship and social media education to support effective new venture development.
Students’ Motivation and Attitude towards the Choice of Computer Science as a Subject at Secondary School Level
The study aimed at identifying the connection between motivation and attitude of students towards computer science and also identifying the differences in gender with regard to motivation and attitude towards the choice of computer science as a subject. Research was descriptive—a sample population of 300 (150 males and 150 females) secondary school pupils. The attitude and motivation towards computer science of students were measured by a self-developed questionnaire. The results showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the motivation of the students and their attitude toward the choice of computer science as a subject. The analyses based on genders showed that male students had a slightly higher attitude and even motivation than their female counterparts. The results emphasized the need to create positive attitudes and motivation in students in order to increase their interest and attention to computer science. Moreover, the existing differences in gender in relation to attitudes and motivation indicate that both interventions and specific strategies should be implemented to facilitate the creation of equal opportunities and address the motivation of male and female students.
Copyright (c) 2024 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Effect of Inquiry-based Teaching (IBT) in Second Language Pedagogy on Students’ Academic Achievement
In Pakistani education, English as a second language plays a vital role. It is taught as a compulsory subject to the students for fourteen years. Despite the fact, the standard of proficiency in English language is falling due to inappropriate methodologies employed in language pedagogy at school and college level, consequently students find English language as a barrier in pursuit of achieving excellent careers. The study attempts at finding out the impact of using inquiry based teaching (IBT) on students’ achievement scores. IBT refers to involving students through question-answer mechanism to understand the concept under study. Experimental research with pre-test post-test control group design was conducted on a total of 156 students of VI grade, 78 students in experimental and 78 in control group for two months. The sample was selected as an intact group. An achievement test was administered to collect data from students. The data of 25 students from each group with 80% or above attendance was analyzed. The results of the study show that IBT methodology has positively significant effect on students’ achievement score. Therefore the second language teacher may use IBT to enhance students’ achievement score. Furthermore the study may be replicated for the use of IBT in second language teaching at different academic levels.
Iran and Venezuela as Energy Insurance: How Access to Heavy Sour Crude Shapes U.S. Refining Resilience, Defense Fuel Budgets, and Contingency Planning in a Strait of Hormuz-Centered Iran Crisis
This paper is concerned with access to Venezuelan heavy sour crude as an energy insurance mechanism in the US with a back up that occurred in the middle of Strait of Hormuz and which implicates Iran. The paper focuses on crude oil quality and refinery flexibility instead of aggregate oil supply with emphasis on the fact that O.U. Gulf Coast refiners possess the best processes to accept heavy and high-sulfur feedstocks like Venezuela. Recent policy and market flows show that ordering Venezuelan crude to the U. S refiners could narrow heavy-sour gaps, retain refinery activity hairy, and cover refined-product volatility over periods of world strains during oil supply provision. Such dynamics in the energy market are associated with military readiness, the spread of oil price dynamics to the budgets of the Department of Defense fuel, operational pace, endurance, etc. Peripheral admittance of congruent heavy crude in case of Middle East derailments to create market shock can reduce the level of pricing outbursts which suffocates long-term operations. Despite sanctions, quotas, and geopolitical competition, Venezuelan heavy crude represents a strategically important tool of establishing U.S. potential operations resilience, strategic flexibility and crisis calculus in the event of a potential conflict with Iran.
Generative Artificial Intelligence in Marketing Capabilities and Customer Engagement: A Systematic Literature Review
The recent spread of generative artificial intelligence (GAI) is transforming how companies form marketing competencies and interact with their clients, but current literature is still disjointed between fields and views. The present research is based on the systematic literature review in order to synthesize the work that was done on GAI in marketing previously, explain its role in improving marketing attributes and customer relationships, and find out uncovered issues and research directions. The review covers the necessity of an integrative synthesis supporting cumulative theory progression and informed managerial decision-making Adopting a systematic literature review method, the study reviews peer-reviewed journal articles devoted to the generative AI application in marketing. The review summarizes both conceptual and empirical research in various methodological traditions to analyze prevailing themes, theoretical underpinnings, technology enablers, organizational influences, and governance concerns defining AI-based marketing practices to reinforce customer engagements. Nonetheless, the results of adoption are largely determined by data governance, ethical issues, organizational preparedness, and human-AI collaboration systems. This paper presents a unified framework of connections between generative AI, marketing capacities, and customer participation, in addition to emphasizing important gaps in the research and providing an ordered agenda on the direction of future investigation.
Copyright (c) 2025 Copyright in the Journal of Social Sciences Review is retained by the author(s). Authors also grant any third party the right to use the article freely as long as its integrity is maintained and its original authors, citation details and publisher are identified. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0
Emotional Regulation and Marital Adjustment among Pregnant Women Across all Trimesters: A Comparative Study
The present study is intended to measure the emotional regulation and marital adjustment among pregnant women across all trimesters. The cross sectional design was carried out at Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat. Purposive sampling technique was used to select the sample. Data collected from the community, public and private hospitals. The construct were measured using translated version of Dyadic Adjustment Scale (Sana & Riaz, 2015) and Multidimensional Emotional Questionnaire (Shahid & Mushtaq, 2023). For data analysis, regression, independent t-test, cluster analysis and ANOVA were employed. Among 420 pregnant women the results of the ANOVA indicated that pregnant women have lower level of emotional regulation (M= 28.3929) and marital adjustment (M= 75.5000) during first trimester. The study shown that pregnant women from joint family have low marital adjustment and emotion regulation. Further, findings revealed that emotional regulation negatively predicted marital adjustment (β = -.443, p< .001). Women with high emotional intelligence understand and manage their own and others’ emotions well. They handle emotional reactions better than those with low emotional regulation. This ability helps them make positive adjustments in their married life. When the findings are examined in depth, it becomes obvious that pregnant women do not receive the attention they deserve. The majority of the worries have related to the symptoms are concerned about the state of their finances, family support, understanding or the health of their child. They require help as well as guidance from healthcare providers. This study will be useful for the heath and clinical settings to spread awareness for pregnant women, how to control the psychological issues along with health problems.
Socio-Economic Factors Affecting Mental Health of Young Female Students of Punjab, Pakistan
Worldwide, women are at higher risk of developing mental disorders than men. The available research from developing nations shows that women have more psychological and social vulnerabilities. Pakistan is a developing country with immense challenges for women, such as socio-economic disadvantages. There is a scarcity of research in Pakistan looking at the Socio-economic Status (SES) of young female students and their association with mental health issues. This research aimed to find out the association of SES with mental health problems among unmarried female students of Punjab, Pakistan. The study was based on a cross-sectional descriptive research design. The independent variables were the socioeconomic factors, and the dependent variable was poor mental health. The data and the assessment of psychological morbidity among the study population were collected using the General Health Questionnaire (GHQ-12) and a self-designed questionnaire. All the frequencies and percentages were computed using descriptive statistics, and a Chi-Square test was carried out to determine the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study would be a significant addition for the identification of mental health risks among young women, which can be utilized by policy-makers and NGOs, particularly working for women's empowerment. The study would also provide a knowledge base for future studies in this area.
Is the UK Constitution Really a Secular?
It is interesting to note that the British society, which bears a symbol of secularism, owns an uncodified constitution that possesses significant religious characteristics, pertaining not only to a particular religion (Christianity) but also to a particular denomination (protestant). These constitutionally evolved religious features are generally neglected in the British constitutional discourse and debates for the reason that the British constitution is presumed to be a secular constitution whereas the facts state otherwise as it bears several significant historical statutes which mark its religious relevance. Moreover, such a presumed impression of constitutional secularism of the UK tends to be generally misleading various circles and quarters of the Pakistani society; which may potentially result into a motivation for socio-political campaigns in Pakistan for the same pursuit based on the misunderstood constitutional position of the UK. Thus, this article attempts to highlight those significant religious documents, Acts and conventions which provide ample evidence that the UK constitution is not a secular constitution for several reasons such as its historical recognition for deep-rooted nexus between the constitutional monarchy, Parliament and Established Church of England and Scotland. In addition, the legal framework of the UK also contains strong and significant religious representations in all the three military forces, state-funded schools and prisons across the UK.
Digital Deception and Agenda Setting: A Qualitative Analysis of Fake News, False Narratives and Misinformation in TLP’S Aqsa March on Social Media
The undertaken research explored the perpetuation of fake news and misinformation trends as strategic tools of agenda setting and negative propaganda in digital political landscape of Pakistan analyzing social media content in the recent Al Aqsa march of TLP. The study has adopted qualitative research design to interpret the emotional narratives, misinformation, online trends in the light of agenda setting and framing theories. The study adopted qualitative research design for content analysis of viral Facebook and X posts during protest to identify key patterns of digital agenda setting, narrative construction, religious framing and emotional mobilization through fake news, disinformation and misinformation. The findings concluded that misinformation was not limited merely to distorted images and facts yet they were part of strategic AI powered campaigns of computational propaganda by multiple sides. All the stakeholders used digital spaces for propagation of false narratives to frame themselves as victims in order to gain public support. The information vacuum and weapnization of digital spaces intensified the situation which later on turned into a volatile law and order situation.
Engagement of Vertical Shorts from Long Horizontal Videos: Content Analysis of Podcasts in Pakistan
The Audience engagement on digital media is a question in need for research introspection. The aim of the current research is to analyze audience engagement on vertical short-form videos and compare it with long-form horizontal videos in the scenario of podcasts in Pakistan. The data for the current research was collected from the leading Pakistani podcasters on YouTube and engagement of audience with their horizontal full length episodes and vertical short-form videos. The content analysis of their five most viewed podcasts of each podcaster and thematic analyses of experts interviews with the prominent podcasters and experts show that, vertical short-form entertainment with controversial and politically charged videos perform better than the knowledge-based videos. For knowledge-based videos, vertical formats need to be more digitally engaged.
The Impact of Entrepreneurial Education, Entrepreneurial Alertness, and Entrepreneurial Passion on Entrepreneurial Intentions of University Students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
Entrepreneurship is an important driver of economic growth, innovation, and job creation. For developing countries like Pakistan, understanding what influences students’ intentions to start a business can help strengthen the entrepreneurial culture. This study examines how entrepreneurial education, entrepreneurial alertness, and entrepreneurial passion shape the intentions of university students in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) to pursue entrepreneurship A quantitative, cross-sectional design was used. Data came from 295 final-year business and commerce students in 17 public universities across KP. A structured questionnaire based on established scales from Linan and Chen (2006), Kaish and Gilad (1991), Phan et al. (2002), and Cardon et al. (2013) measured the core variables. SPSS v26 was used for descriptive analysis, correlations, and multiple regression. Reliability scores ranged from 0.70 to 0.87. Entrepreneurial education (β = 0.53, p < .001) and entrepreneurial passion (β = 0.50, p < .001) both showed strong positive effects on entrepreneurial intentions. Entrepreneurial alertness (β = 0.21, p < .05) had a smaller but positive impact. Together, the three predictors explained 48.8% of the variance in intentions (R = 0.699; R² = 0.488). Findings show that entrepreneurship education and the development of passion are key to encouraging students toward entrepreneurial careers, while alertness adds supportive influence. Universities should integrate practical experience and motivation-building elements to strengthen students’ readiness to become entrepreneurs.
Application of Smart Technologies in University Libraries to Spearhead Smart Library Program in Bangladesh
Libraries around the globe are now adopting emerging and innovative technologies to offer prompt and transparent library and information services to users. The application of these cutting-edge technologies harnesses libraries' efficiencies and efficacies to fulfill users' needs and requirements to a great extent. However, public and private university libraries in Bangladesh are now leveraging the blessings of emerging technologies like RFID, Digital borrower IDs, Dspace, Instant Reference Service, IoT, and other smart appliances to keep pace with the rest of the world in meeting challenges in proficiently dealing with savvy library users. This paper is mainly a qualitative approach aiming to focus on the status of the application of smart technologies by university libraries in Bangladesh. Besides, the authors highlight the emerging technologies currently adopted in academic libraries. This paper provides a comprehensive understanding for librarians, researchers, and policymakers regarding the application of smart technologies in university libraries.
Pakistan vs India: The Next 10 Years — Who Will Win the Power Race?
This study examines the geopolitical dynamics between Pakistan and India over the next decade, focusing on the critical factors shaping their rivalry. Both countries are nuclear-armed and have strong strategic interests that influence their military, economic, and global positioning. The paper analyzes the major forces that will decide the balance of power, such as nuclear doctrines, economic strategies, military readiness, and the influence of China and the US. The study, using a comparative approach, evaluates how these factors will impact each country's future dominance in the region. It concludes that while India is likely to expand economically and strengthen its alliances, Pakistan will increasingly leverage its military capabilities and alliances, particularly with China, to position itself as a regional power.
How Emotional Exhaustion impacts the Goal-Focused Leader Behavior: Roles of Supervisor’s Bottom-line Mentality, Obsessive Passion and Organizational Support
The aim of the study is to investigate the impact of work-related stress on workplace performance. By determining and justifying the relationship between Emotional Exhaustion and Goal-focused leader behavior (i.e., supervisory performance is one of the key factors in achieving organizational goals), this research study aims to expand the literature regarding the interaction between Emotional Exhaustion and workplace performance that leads to organizational goals. To implement organizational goals strategically, leaders who are goal-focused communicate and convey the goals of the organization and support employees' efforts to achieve them. Hypothesizing bottom-line mentality also plays an important mediating role in explaining why there is a relationship between Emotional Exhaustion and Goal-focused leader behavior (GFLB). It is investigated the moderating role of Obsessive Passion between the relationship of Emotional Exhaustion and Bottom-line mentality of supervisors. It is also investigated the moderating role of Perceived Organizational Support between the relationship of Bottom-line mentality of supervisors and Goal-focused leader behavior. This study examined the relationship between these variables based on the data collected by front-line managers in the banking sector in Punjab, Pakistan. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 27 and Smart-PLS (version-4) to determine how variables influence each other. Using a one-shot survey method and face-to-face interviews, this study collected data. Through PLS-SEM, the study considered the relationship between the proposed theoretical model and 402 valid research questionnaires. Using validity and reliability measurements, the path model fits well with the quantitative data. Consequently, all hypotheses are accepted. Study has theoretical as well as practical contributions.
Supervisor’s BLM (Bottom-line mentality)
PLS- SEM (Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling)
Understanding E-bike Purchase Intentions: A Model of Environmental and Technological Determinants
The escalating need for sustainable urban mobility solutions amid concerns over climate change and fuel emissions makes the adoption of E-Bikes a critical area of study. This research investigates the psychological and cognitive factors that drive consumer Intention to Purchase E-Bikes (IPTEB), specifically examining how Environmental Awareness (EA), Consumer STEM Literacy (SL), and Perceived Technological Innovativeness (PTI) influence the perception of functional utility, operationalized as Perceived Technical Benefits (PTB). A quantitative study employing a cross-sectional design utilized Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) on data collected from 273 prospective E-Bike consumers in Multan, Pakistan. The structural model demonstrated high predictive power, explaining over 67% of the variance in the key endogenous constructs. All four hypothesized paths were supported, confirming that PTB is the overwhelming predictor of IPTEB (β= 0.820). Crucially, the antecedent variables influencing PTB ranked as follows: PTI (β= 0.373) was the strongest, closely followed by SL (β= 0.319), with EA exerting the weakest influence (β= 0.207). These findings suggest that while environmental concern provides motivation, the purchasing decision is fundamentally driven by rational, technology-based evaluations of product superiority, necessitating that manufacturers shift marketing strategy to focus on technical education and functional performance to maximize perceived value and accelerate adoption.
Exploring the Relationship Between Teachers’ Professional Development in STEM and the Academic Achievement of Students: A Comparative Study Across Urban and Rural Schools
This paper aims at seeking how professional development (PD) of teachers teaching in STEM (Science, technology, engineering and Mathematics) can positively influence the academic achievement of students in a school within an educational institution in comparison to the diversity that exists between the urban and rural schools. A survey based model was also taken and 200 teachers and 800 students were involved in the data collection of approximately 20 secondary schools in cities, and villages. The researchers explore teacher PD quality and frequency, access to STEM resources, the teacher confidence and its impact on mathematical and science performance in schools. Its findings reflected large dissimilarity in comparison with the urban-rural schools as far as PD access is concerned because teachers who work in urban schools are also more applauded to a PD program and adeptly implemented. It was due to this that the urban students were able to achieve higher in both math and science than those obtained by the rural students did showing clearly that PD, teacher confidence and availability of resources can be an important factor when it comes to student achievement. The paper mentions that there is the need to enjoyable access to PD opportunities and resources, which will assist in bridging the gap in the area of accomplishment between the urban and the rural school.
Unlocking Rural Potential: Rethinking Support Structure for Women Entrepreneurs in Pakistan’s Rural Context
Women’s entrepreneurship may improve social inclusion, according to the research. Moreover, it might encourage economic growth, foster innovation and creativity, and lessen poverty in society. Women’s entrepreneurship has the potential to increase per capita income and help achieve sustainable development goals. In Pakatan, participation of women in entrepreneurship activities is notably low, but it is hampered by a number of issues. Purposive sampling technique is used in this study. Semi- structured interviews and phenomenology are used in this qualitative study to examine the experience the barriers of 15 women and determine their interest in becoming entrepreneurs in rural area of Pakistan. Gioia Methodology is used for coding and themes which show that cultural norms (early marriage, honor) and strong family opposition are the main non-academic barriers, while government and infrastructural deficiencies (lack of transport, policy awareness) hinder young women's educational and professional aspirations in rural Pakistani communities.
Workplace Mobbing and Spiritual Health Among Teachers in Pakistan: The Mediating Effect of Psychological Capital
This research has been done to find out the connection between psychological capital with workplace bullying (mobbing) and teachers' overall well-being. Besides, the study measured the effect of psychological capital on the association between health and mobbing. Furthermore, the research looked at demographic differences such as age in psychological capital, mobbing experiences, and health outcomes among teachers. The research used a targeted sample of 390 teachers (235 men and 155 women) from public colleges and universities in the Abbottabad and Mansehra regions. The researcher utilized the following instruments to collect data: Psychological Capital Questionnaire (PsyCap-Q), Mobbing Scale for Academicians (MS-A), Spiritual Health Assessment Scale (SHAS), and a demographic form. They followed a correlational research design. The results demonstrated the existence of significant positive relationships among psychological capital, mobbing, and health. The study found that psychological capital was the factor that connected the gap between mobbing and health. This emphasizes its pivotal role. The outcomes imply that interventions aimed at increasing psychological capital and fighting workplace bullying by which employees are bullied through increased awareness, can contribute to creating a healthier and more supportive environment for teachers. Later, this can elevate student achievement and strengthen the education system.
Imposter Feelings among Medical Students During Medical Education
Impostor syndrome is a prevalent and neglected mental health problem in the area of medical education, as it manifests through the development of self-doubt and inability to internalize performance even when competent. Though it is widely researched in the Western context, it has not been properly explored in Pakistan, where the cultures and academic pressure can increase its impacts. The current research evaluated the prevalence, the levels of the severity, and the predictors of impostor syndrome among medical students in Punjab, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was done on 600 medical students (aged 18-25 years) in public (n=300) and private (n=300) colleges in Punjab who were selected using multi-stage stratified random sampling. Data were collected using the Impostor Syndrome Scale (ISS) and the Burnout Scale for Medical Students (BSMS). The findings revealed that 64.5% of students had experienced impostor syndrome, of which 51.2% had mild, 38.8% moderate, 8.3% severe, and 1.8% intense levels of the syndrome. The neural networks were analyzed and the findings indicated that the best predictor of impostor syndrome was the percentage of academic performance (marks). Part-time employment and year of study had significant effects and income, gender and residential status were of moderate effects in the case of impostor syndrome. These results indicate that the rates of impostor syndrome are high among Pakistani medical students, and such results can be used to outline the necessity of applying certain psychological, academic, and institutional interventions to make sure that health and professional sustainability are promoted among future medical practitioners.
Comparison of Aggression among Madrassa, School and College Students: A Case Study of Sialkot District
The current study was conducted to compare the aggression among students from three distinct educational settings in Sialkot, Pakistan: madrassas, schools and colleges. Cross-sectional research design was used in the study. Sample was selected from schools, madrassas and colleges of Sialkot through stratified sampling technique. Sample size was determined after getting the sampling frame of target population. Sample of 500 students, 100 from madrassa, 200 from school and 200 from colleges participated in the study. Respondents were between the age ranges of 13 to 19 years. Aggression was measured by using the Aggression Scale for Adolescents (Zaqia, & Shehzadi, 2019). Results of t-test analysis showed a significant difference in aggression between males and females (r =.007, p < 0.01). Male (M=27.48) reported higher on aggression than females (M=24.91). The ANOVA revealed that aggression was found significantly lower among madrassa students (M=21.77), as compared to school (M=26.29) and college student (M=28.68). Teachers, school counselors, and legislators can use the study's practical implications to create intervention programs that address emotional control, violence prevention, and mental health assistance in Pakistan's diverse educational environments.
Role of Demographic Factors on the Positive-Negative Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients
This paper explored how France has reacted to this move by exclusion to AUKUS not through a direct military confrontation, but through soft balancing and hedging approaches. These included diplomatic outreach, defense co-operation, and diversification of the economy with regional powers such as India, Japan, and ASEAN members. The qualitative research approach is employed to identify official reports, policy reports, and academic sources to describe the identified behaviors of France as the outcome of the assessment of the strategic threats and an effort to maintain the status of influence in the problematic region. The study focuses on the multidimensionality of the objectives of France in balancing-seeking, the significance of norms, multilateralism, and sovereignty. France counters the ambitious nature of China to stabilize the situation in the region in a non-confrontational manner. France considers itself the major security guarantor in the Indo-Pacific. Even at the expense of AUKUS and thus, it is a key contributor to alliances without compromising their own independent status, even after AUKUS.
Intimate Partner Relationship, Coping Strategies and Somatic Symptoms in Married Women
The present study examined the relationship between intimate partner relationships, coping strategies, and somatic symptoms in married women. A correlational research design was used in the research, with a total sample size of N=200 married women. Snowball sampling was used to gather data from married women. Standardized tools measured relationship quality, somatic symptoms, and coping styles, including emotion-focused and problem-focused coping. The results indicated that poor relationship quality was significantly associated with increased somatic complaints or symptoms in married women. Emotion-focused coping was positively correlated with higher somatic complaints, while problem-focused coping showed a negative relationship, indicating its protective role. Furthermore, dyadic coping partially mediated the link between relationship quality and somatic symptoms. Group comparisons revealed that unemployed women reported significantly more somatic symptoms than employed women. Similarly, women from nuclear families showed higher levels of somatic symptoms compared to those from joint family systems. These findings emphasize the psychosomatic impact of relationship stress and coping style and suggest the need for low-cost, culturally sensitive couple-based interventions for married women. Implications can be done in future for further guideline and clinical purpose.
Global Challenges to Inclusive Education in Higher Education: Barriers and Institutional Responses: A Narrow Literature Review
The present study focuses on the challenges of inclusive education across the globe which are confronting with higher education (HE), especially in developing countries. To highlight the key pertinent issues, published articles were scrutinized from Google Scholar between 2019 and 2024. The review shows gender disparity, low socio-economic status of the students, no internet facility for online or e-learning, financial constraints, dissimilarity in curriculum and contents, settlement for refugees, and immigrant students in developed countries. This study offers suggestions to policy makers, curriculum developers, and stakeholders to align their practices and policies with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Moreover, findings indicate that digital soft skills courses for students are mandatory for the global employability. More future studies are needed to find innovative solutions for these challenges.
The Impact of Psychological Factors of Celibacy Syndrome on Attitude Towards Marriage
A societal trend of waning interest in romantic relationships and sexual activity, especially among younger generations, is known as celibacy syndrome. This study aims to investigate how young adults’ attitudes toward marriage are impacted by the psychological components of celibacy syndrome, particularly sexual desire and fear of intimacy. Data was gathered using a standardized questionnaire and a quantitative correlational survey approach 310 adults, both male and female, between the ages of 18 and 40, were included in the study using a purposive-convenient sample technique. Participants were presented with an informed consent form followed by a demographic information form, Sexual Desire Inventory-2 (Spector, et al., 2008), Fear of Intimacy (Descutner & Thelen.,1991), and Marital Attitude Scale (Braaten et al.,1998). The research data was analyzed through IBM SPSS 22 software. The results indicated that the psychological factor of celibacy syndrome, specifically fear of intimacy, has a significant impact on attitudes towards marriage. Individuals with a fear of intimacy tend to avoid close relationships and emotional disclosure, which can substitute emotional fulfillment by avoiding closeness. The finding also showed that another psychological factor of celibacy syndrome was sexual desire, which has an insignificant impact on attitudes towards marriage. The findings of this study offer insights into emotional well-being, enrich academic research, and provide practical strategies for balancing personal and professional life. It also promotes societal awareness and acceptance of diverse lifestyles.
The Role of Using Artificial Intelligence Technologies in Improving Information Security: An Analytical Study on a Sample of Employees Working in the Banking Sector
This research aims to evaluate the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies on information security in commercial banks. It focuses on understanding how these technologies contribute to enhancing protection and detection capabilities against cyber threats. The research relied on a quantitative approach, selecting a random sample of 152 accountants and technicians working in various commercial banks. Data was collected using a specially designed questionnaire and analyzed using SPSS. The results indicate a strong, positive relationship between the application of AI technologies and improved banking information security, confirming the effectiveness of these technologies in addressing growing security challenges. The research recommends that banks invest in and develop AI technologies, as well as train their staff on how to use them effectively, to ensure the highest levels of protection and security.
Adoption of Green Accounting Information Its Impact on Sustainability Disclosure: An Analytical Study
The purpose of the current research is to measure the impact of green accounting information systems in the disclosure of sustainability by (social disclosures, environmental disclosures, and economic disclosures) among a sample of employees in Rafidain Bank, and the research summarized this goal for the purpose of answering an important question represented in (Is it possible to adopt green accounting information systems in the disclosure of sustainability at Rafidain Bank, Diwaniyah branch?), As a result, the research relied on the questionnaire tool to analyze its results and measure the level of availability of these variables in the sample, and accordingly (150) questionnaire was distributed to a sample of employees in Rafidain Bank, Diwaniyah branch, and retrieved from them (136) questionnaire, and (13) questionnaire damaged, which means that (123) questionnaire valid for analysis, and the research imposed a correlation and impact between green accounting information systems and sustainability disclosure, The research came out as a result of several results, foremost of which was that the bank's employees have a great interest in building green accounting information systems and disclosure of sustainability, which gives this a strong correlation and influence between these variables, and the research recommended the need to focus the sample on developing the capabilities and capabilities of its employees in order to build a positive awareness they have towards interest in a sustainable work environment. And give a functional and service character towards customers that loves them and attracts them to deal with the bank without resorting to other banks.
AUKUS Fallout: France's Indo-Pacific Strategy and the Quest for Autonomy
This paper explored how France has reacted to this move by exclusion to AUKUS not through a direct military confrontation, but through soft balancing and hedging approaches. These included diplomatic outreach, defense co-operation, and diversification of the economy with regional powers such as India, Japan, and ASEAN members. The qualitative research approach is employed to identify official reports, policy reports, and academic sources to describe the identified behaviors of France as the outcome of the assessment of the strategic threats and an effort to maintain the status of influence in the problematic region. The study focuses on the multidimensionality of the objectives of France in balance-seeking, the significance of norms, multilateralism, and sovereignty. France counters the ambitious nature of China to stabilize the situation in the region in a non-confrontational manner. France considers itself the major security guarantor in the Indo-Pacific. Even at the expense of AUKUS and thus, it is a key contributor to alliances without compromising their own independent status, even after AUKUS.