From Filters to Feelings: A Qualitative Exploration of Self-Image and Emotional Experience among Snapchat Users

Authors

  • Farhat Jan PhD Scholar, Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan.
  • Dr. Nazia Iqbal Assistant Professor, Chairman/Head of Department, Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.62843/jssr.v6i1.688

Keywords:

Snapchat Users, Self-image, Emotional Experiences

Abstract

The qualitative study was conducted with purpose to explore self-image and emotional experiences among Snapchat users. Snapchat launched in 2011 as mobile application stands out as a social media platform which provides distinctive avenue for self-expression. Literature showed influence of Snapchat use on individual’s self-image, perception, psychological and emotional wellbeing and experience. In current research semi-structured interviews were conducted from 15 regular Snapchat Users (N=15). Ten women (n=10) and five men (n=05) between age 18 to 35 were informed and briefed about the purpose of conducting this study. Thematic analysis conducted. Majority of respondents reported that use of this app and applying filters has impact on their self-image while few reported no impact. Similarly participants explored significant emotional experiences by using this app. They reported effect of Snapchat filters use on their mood, confidence, self-esteem and emotional reactions. Subjects also talked about purpose to use this app like spending time, taking snaps with filters, location spy, making streaks with friends, social connections, snap points etc. Respondents explored that use of Snapchat filters raise the beauty standards and also leads to stress. Subjects mentioned about filtered and unfiltered images are different and posting such images can increase their concerns what other might be thinking about them. Participants reported that with time they may lose interest and its responsibility of user to use this app carefully.  This study will aim to contribute to the existing literature on exploring self-image and emotional experiences are affected by Snapchat, specifically in Pakistani culture and society.

Author Biography

  • Farhat Jan, PhD Scholar, Department of Psychology, International Islamic University Islamabad (IIUI), Pakistan.

    Corresponding Author: farhatjan454@gmail.com

References

Al-Oudan, H. (2019). The effectiveness of using the “Snapchat” application to produce educational videos and the satisfaction of students at the College of Education at Princess Noura Bint Abdul Rahman University. The Islamic University Journal of Educational and Psychological Studies, 2.

Al-Qahtani, A., Basardah, M. & Al-Shaer A. (2019). The Saudi university youth's use of social networks and the gratifications achieved from them: Snapchat as a model (Doctoral dissertation, Naif Arab University for Security Sciences).

Alamyar, I. H., & Hussain, J. (2024). The semiotics of Snapchat filters: Understanding their influence on user self-presentation. INJECT (Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication), 9(1), 53–84. https://doi.org/10.18326/inject.v9i1.1848

Alghamdi, E. A., & Bogari, N. (2020). The Impact of Social Media Platforms “Instagram” and “Snapchat” on the Purchasing Decision-Structural Equation Modelling Approach: Social Media Platforms. International Journal of Online Marketing (IJOM), 10(1), 72–94.

Alsaggaf, R. M. (2019). Saudi women's identities on Facebook: Context collapse, judgement, and the imagined audience. The Electronic Journal of Information Systems in Developing Countries, 85(2), e12070. https://doi.org/10.1002/isd2.12070

Alsaggaf, R. M. (2021, September). The impact of snapchat beautifying filters on beauty standards and self-image: a self-discrepancy approach. In The European Conference on Arts and Humanities (pp. 47-58).

Barker, J. (2020). Making-up on mobile: The pretty filters and ugly implications of Snapchat. Fashion. Style & Popular Culture, 7(2–3), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00015_1

Bayer, J. B., Ellison, N. B., Schoenebeck, S. Y., & Falk, E. B. (2016). Sharing the small moments: ephemeral social interaction on Snapchat. Information, Communication and Society, 19(7), 956–977. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118x.2015.1084349

Blumler, J. G., & Katz, E. (1974). The uses of mass communications: Current perspectives on gratification research. Sage Publications.

Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa

Brubaker, P. J., & Wilson, C. (2018). Let’s give them something to talk about: Global brands’ use of visual content to drive engagement and build relationships. Public Relations Review, 44(3), 342–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pubrev.2018.04.010

Chae, J. (2018). Explaining females’ envy toward social media influencers. Media Psychology, 21(2), 246–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/15213269.2017.1328312

Choi, L., & Park, M. (2021). Perceived Realism of Snapchat Filters and Their Effects on Beauty Standards. Computers in Human Behavior, 45(6), 789–802. https://doi.org/10.22492/issn.21881111.2021.4

Cwynar-Horta, J. (2016). The commodification of the body positive movement on Instagram. Stream: Interdisciplinary Journal of Communication, 8(2), 36–56. https://doi.org/10.21810/strm.v8i2.203

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (1985). Intrinsic motivation and self-determination in human behavior (1985th ed.). Springer.

Eshiet, J. (2020). “Real me versus social media me:” filters, snapchat dysmorphia, and beauty perceptions among young women (Thesis). https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/1101

Festinger, L. (1954). A theory of social comparison processes. Human Relations; Studies Towards the Integration of the Social Sciences, 7(2), 117–140. https://doi.org/10.1177/001872675400700202

Fox, J., Vendemia, M. A., Smith, M. A., & Brehm, N. R. (2021). Effects of taking selfies on women’s self-objectification, mood, self-esteem, and social aggression toward female peers. Body Image, 36, 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.011

Fox, J., Vendemia, M. A., Smith, M. A., & Brehm, N. R. (2021). Effects of taking selfies on women’s self-objectification, mood, self-esteem, and social aggression toward female peers. Body Image, 36, 193–200. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2020.11.011

Fredrickson, B. L., & Roberts, T. (1997). Objectification theory. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 21(2), 173–206.

Garcia, R. (2018). The Influence of Social Media Filters on Brand Perception. Journal of Marketing Research, 10(3), 211–228. https://doi.org/10.35912/joste.v4i2.2099

Gupta, N., & Patel, A. (2018). The Role of Augmented Reality Filters in Redefining Beauty Norms. Journal of Media Studies, 16(3), 301–318.

Habib, A., Ali, T., Nazir, Z., & Mahfooz, A. (2022). Snapchat filters changing young women’s attitudes. Annals of Medicine and Surgery (2012), 82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.amsu.2022.104668

Higgins, E. T. (1987). Self-discrepancy: a theory relating self and affect. Psychological review, 94(3), 319.

Jalali-Farahani, S., Amiri, P., Zarani, F., & Azizi, F. (2021). The main physical components of body image from the perspectives of Iranian adolescents: a qualitative study. BMC Public Health, 21(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-10096-7

Kandathil, C. K., Patel, P. N., Saltychev, M., & Most, S. P. (2020). Differences in social perceptions between digital single lens reflex camera and cell phone selfie images. Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine, 22(5), 347–354. https://doi.org/10.1089/fpsam.2020.0077

Kim, D., & Song, Y. (2021). The Ethical Implications of Beauty Filters: A Critical Analysis. Ethics in Technology and Society, 5(1), 78–92.

Miller, J., & Wilson, E. (2020). The Effects of Snapchat Filters on Social Comparison and Self Esteem. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 25(2), 189–204.

Nguyen, M. (2019). Snapchat Filters and Consumer Behavior: An Experimental Study. Journal of Consumer Research, 12(4), 511–527.

Phua, J., Jin, S. V., & Kim, J. (jay). (2017). Uses and gratifications of social networking sites for bridging and bonding social capital: A comparison of Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and Snapchat. Computers in Human Behavior, 72, 115–122. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2017.02.041

Ramphul, K., & Mejias, S. G. (2018). Is “Snapchat dysmorphia” a real issue? Cureus, 10(3), e2263. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2263

Reece, A. G., Rees, C. S., & Renshaw, T. L. (2022). The psychological effects of face-altering filters in social media. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking.

Smith, A. (2019). The Evolution of Beauty Standards in the Digital Age. Journal of Communication Technology, 15(2), 112–129.

Tropp, J., & Baetzgen, A. (2019). Users’ definition of snapchat usage. Implications for marketing on snapchat. The International Journal on Media Management, 21(2), 130–156. https://doi.org/10.1080/14241277.2019.1637343

Vogel, E. A., & Rose, J. P. (2016). Self-reflection and interpersonal connection: Making the most of self-presentation on social media. Translational Issues in Psychological Science, 2(3), 294–302. https://doi.org/10.1037/tps0000076

Wang, S., & Chen, H. (2017). The Impact of Selfies and Filters on Instagram: A Cultural Perspective. Visual Communication Quarterly, 22, 56–73.

Zhao, S., & Zappavigna, M. (2018). The interplay of (semiotic) technologies and genre: the case of the selfie. Social Semiotics, 28(5), 665–682. https://doi.org/10.1080/10350330.2018.1504724

Downloads

Published

2026-03-30

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

From Filters to Feelings: A Qualitative Exploration of Self-Image and Emotional Experience among Snapchat Users. (2026). Journal of Social Sciences Review, 6(1), 182-196. https://doi.org/10.62843/jssr.v6i1.688